On the issue of assessing the occupational risk of diseases of dust aetiology

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, occupational diseases associated with exposure to industrial aerosols occupy third place in the structure of occupational pathology. The predominant forms of occupational diseases included chronic dust bronchitis, pneumoconiosis( silicosis), chronic obstructive (asthmatic) bronchitis. For an objective assessment of dust exposure and calculation of the occupational health risk of employees of “dust” professions, it is advisable to clarify the criteria and methodology for assessing dust exposure as an independent and informative hygienic characteristic.

The purpose of the study is to formulate additional criteria for assessing the risk of exposure to industrial aerosol; to substantiate the methodology for calculating the accumulation of dust particles in the lungs as an informative characteristic of inhaled dust that is subject to hygienic assessment when calculating the dust load, to clarify the methodology for managing the health risk of dust professions workers.

Material and methods. The paper uses the technique of mathematical modelling. The calculation of the time of finding dust particles, taking into account their dispersion in various parts of the tracheobronchial tree, was carried out.

Results. Taking into account the methodology for calculating the dust exposure by the value of the inhaled dust mass, additional criteria for assessing the hazard of exposure to industrial aerosol were formulated; the methodology for calculating the accumulated dust mass (ADM) was justified, the formation of ADM in tracheobronchial tree sites was estimated, taking into account the time dependence of the removal of dust particles of various dispersities from the tracheobronchial tree was estimated. The results of the study contribute to the improvement of hygienic criteria for the danger and harmfulness of working conditions according to the dust factor, the justification of preventive measures.

Conclusions. The choice of the ADM index to clarify the information content of the calculated dust load value is justified. Improving the methodology of dust control helps to preserve employees’ health and reduce the level of occupational and production-related diseases.

About the authors

Anna M. Egorova

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Author for correspondence.
Email: egorovaam@fferisman.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7929-9441

MD, PhD, DSci., Head of the Department of Occupational Medicine of the Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141014, Russian Federation.

e-mail: egorovaam@fferisman.ru

Russian Federation

Lydia A. Lutsenko

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7127-1404
Russian Federation

Anna V. Sukhova

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1915-1138
Russian Federation

Vyacheslav V. Kolyuka

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2623-4388
Russian Federation

Gennady V. Fedorovich

Limited Liability Company NTM-Zashchita

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2439-4636
Russian Federation

References

  1. State report «On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population in the Russian Federation in 2020». Moscow; 2021. (in Russian)
  2. Tkachev V.V. Risk Assessment of Occupational Diseases of Dust Etiology. In.: Izmerova N.F., Denisov E.I., eds. Occupational Risk for Workers’ Health (Manual) [Professional’nyy risk dlya zdorov’ya rabotnikov]. Moscow: Trovant; 2003. (in Russian)
  3. Parker J.E., Wagner G.R. Silicosis. In.: Encyclopedia of Occupational Safety and Health. Volume 3. Geneva; 1998.
  4. Basanets A.V. On the classification of pneumoconiosis: a new edition of the International Labor Organization in 2000. Available at: https://www.ifp.kiev.ua/doc/journals/upj/03/pdf03-4/61.pdf (in Russian)
  5. Sebastien P., Begin R. Etiopathogenesis of pneumoconiosis. In.: Encyclopedia of Occupational Safety and Health. Volume 3. Geneva; 1998.
  6. Kudinov V.P. The total dust load for a year of work in the working face. In.: Problems of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Pathology [Materialy Respublikanskoy konferentsii «Voprosy gigieny truda i professional’noy patologii»]. Kiev: Zdorov’ya; 1970: 30–3. (in Russian)
  7. Muir D.C.F. Correction in cumulative risk in silicosis exposure assessment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 1991; 19(4): 40–3. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700190414
  8. Spurnyy K., Yekh Ch., Sedlachek B., Shtorkh O. Aerosols [Aerozoli]. Moscow: Atomizdat; 1964. (in Russian)
  9. Gross P. Consideration of the aerodynamic equivaient diameter of respirable mineral fibers. Amer. Industr. Hyg. Assos. 1981; 42(6): 445–9.
  10. Landahl H.D., Herrmann R.D. On the retention air-born particulates in the human lung. J. Ind. Hyg. And Toxic. 1948; 30(3): 181–8.
  11. Walkenhorst W. Foundations of the small particle deposition in bronchial and alveolar space. Med. Clin. 1971; 66(9): 303–7. (in German)
  12. Elovskaya L.T., Kapitanov Yu.T., Grigoryan E.A., Yaglov V.V. On the action of coarse dust on the respiratory system (experimental research). In.: Methods of Analysis and Assessment of the Impact of Fibrogenic Dusts [Metody analiza i otsenka vozdeystviya fibrogennykh pyley]. Moscow; 1987: 34–8. (in Russian)
  13. Brown D.M., Wilson M.R., MacNee W., Stone V., Donaldson K. Size-dependent proinflammatory effects of ultrafine polystyrene particles: A role for surface area and oxidative stress in the enhanced activity of ultrafines. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2001; 175(3): 191–9. https://doi.org/10.1006/taap.2001.9240
  14. Oberdörster G. Toxicology of ultrafine particles: in vivo studies. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Series A. 2000; 1775(358): 2719–40.
  15. Lison D., Lardot C., Huaux F., Zanetti G., Fubini B. Influence of particle surface area on the toxicity of insoluble manganese dioxide dusts. Arch. Toxicol. 1997; 71(12): 725–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002040050453
  16. Feoktistov G.S. Experimental data on the issue of dust retention in human lungs under different breathing modes. Gigiena i Sanitaria (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal). 1968; 47(2): 21–6. (in Russian)
  17. Brown J.H., Cook K.M., Ney F.G., Hatch T. Influence of particle size upon the retention of particulate matter in the human lung. Am. J. Public Health Nations Health. 1950; 40(4): 450–80. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.40.4.450
  18. Landahl H.D., Black S.J. Penetration of airborne particulates through the human nose. J. Ind. Hyg. Toxic. 1947; 29(4): 269–77.
  19. Borisenkova R.V., Makhotin G.I. Labor and Health of Miners [Trud i zdorov’e gornorabochikh]. Moscow; 2001. (in Russian)
  20. Lutsenko L.A., Gvozdeva L.L. Use of experimental results for estimation of effects of dust exposition of employees of the coal industry. Znanstvena misel. 2018; (6-1): 21–7. (in Russian)
  21. Islam M.S., Saha S.C., Sauret E., Gemci T., Yang I.A., Gu Y.T. Ultrafine particle transport and deposition in a large scale 17-generation lung model. J. Biomech. 2017; 7(64): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.08.028
  22. Hofmann W., Mainelis G., Mohamed A. Modeling approaches in current lung dosimetry models. Environ. Int. 1996; 22(1): 965–76.
  23. Musante C.J., Martoner T.B. Computer simulations of particle deposition in the developing. Human Lang. 2000; 50(8): 1426–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464176
  24. Kolmogorov A.N. On the logarithmic-normal law of particle size distribution during crushing. Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR. 1941; 31(2): 99–101. (in Russian)
  25. Hori M., Uchida M. Application of the theory of Markov processes to comminuting. P.1. The case of discrete time parameter. Kodai Math. Sem. Rep. 1967; 19: 174–88.
  26. Weibel E.R. Morphometry of the Human Lung. New York: Academic; 1963.
  27. Swift D.L. Aerosol characteristics and generation. In: Moren F., Dolovich M.B., Newhouse M.T., eds. Aerosols in Medicine. Principles, Diagnosis and Therapy. New York: Elsevier Science (Biomedical Division); 1985: 53–76.
  28. Fedorovich G.V. A role of inertial mechanism for clearance of aerosol particle from the lung. Pul’monologiya. 2013; (2): 114–8. (in Russian)
  29. Fedorovich G.V. Model of mucociliary clearance of the lung. Pul’monologiya. 2016; 26(2): 222–30. https://doi.org/10.18093/0869-0189-2016-26-2-222-230 (in Russian)
  30. Fedorovich G.V. Rational Diagnosis of Occupational Diseases [Ratsional’naya diagnostika professional’nykh zabolevaniy]. Saarbrucken, Deutschland: Palmarium Academic Publishing; 2019. (in Russian)

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2021 Egorova A.M., Lutsenko L.A., Sukhova A.V., Kolyuka V.V., Fedorovich G.V.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ:  ПИ № ФС77-50668 от 13.07.2012 г.