Determining priority socio-hygienic determinants of life expectancy at birth for the Russian Federation population

Introduction. The study focuses on examining socio-hygienic determinants of life expectancy at birth as an integral health indicator at the federal level.

Purpose of study. To determine propriety socio-hygienic determinants of life expectancy at birth (LEB) for the population of the Russian Federation. 

Materials and methods. Our initial data were taken from the statistical reports issued by Rosstat and Rospotrebnadzor in 2010–2018 in all 85 RF regions — 148 indicators of habitat and lifestyle factors were analyzed. The indicators were structured as a data matrix. Effects produced by them on LEB were calculated by using factor analysis and an artificial neural network based on a four-layer perceptron.

Results. We determined forty priority socio-hygienic determinants with the greatest influence on the existing level of life expectancy at birth. Seventy-seven point five percent of them were lifestyle indicators and socio-demographic ones; 12.5% described sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population. The most significant effects on a LEB growth were produced by 1% increase in the following indicators: “Working hours per one employed person per week”, 7.32 days; “A share of population who have physical activity or do sports”, 4.52 days; “Equipment of housing with centralized water supply”, 3.71 days.

Limitations. This study has certain limitations including a limited set of the analyzed factors that modify LEB — 148 indicators over 2010–2018 as per region of the Russian Federation; an area within which initial statistical indicators were determined limited scenarios of changes in them, properties of the employed artificial neural network.

Conclusion. Planning activities aimed at improving the existing medical and demographic situation requires developing adequate approaches to determining priority socio-hygienic determinants given the effects produced on LEB by multiple environmental and lifestyle factors that are variable and heterogeneous as per their types and intensity of their influence.

Compliance with ethical standards. No approval by the committee on biomedical ethics was required to accomplish this study (it was based on free available data taken from the official statistical reports).

Contribution of the authors:
Zaitseva N.V. — research concept and design, editing, approval of the final version of the article;
Kleyn S.V. — editing, writing the text, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Glukhikh M.V. — statistical data processing, collection and processing material, writing the text. 
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: August 12, 2022
Accepted: September 07, 2022
Published: December 12, 2022