Prevention of occupational allergodermatoses using pathogenetically based techniques

Introduction. Currently, occupational skin diseases remain one of the important medical problems. In this regard, the search for new modern, promising methods for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases is relevant.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures among industrial workers with occupational allergic dermatoses.

Materials and methods. Two groups of patients with occupational allergic dermatoses (seventy seven cases) were examined and treated. In the control group (37 people), only traditional treatment was carried out; in the main group (40 people), the complex of treatment measures, in addition to conventional therapy, included the procedure of intravenous laser blood irradiation (ILBI). Biochemical and immunological studies were carried out using standard and unified methods.

Results. The use of ILBI in patients with occupational dermatoses had a positive effect on the state of cellular and humoral immunity: the number of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ lymphocytes increased by 1.2–1.5 times, the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ immunoregulatory index normalized, the content of B cells in the bloodstream decreased, and levels of immunoglobulins IgG, IgE up to 1.6 times and inflammatory mediators (interleukin -10, -4, tumour necrosis factor-α) by 1.5–2.3 times. There was a 1.3-fold decrease in the content of ceruloplasmin, a protein in the acute phase of inflammation, and a 1.3–1.4-fold increase in the activity of catalase and neutrophil myeloperoxidase. A more rapid regression of rashes, a decrease in erythema, and the disappearance of itching was noted in the main group. The duration of the relapse-free period in this group is 1.9 times longer than in the control group.

Limitation: study of the effectiveness of laser therapy in the treatment of patients with occupational allergic dermatoses according to clinical and laboratory parameters.

Conclusion. The ILBI technique has shown its effectiveness and positive impact on the pathogenetic links in the development of occupational skin pathology, in comparison with traditional drug treatment. As a result, it can be used for immunorehabilitation, prevention, and treatment of this pathology.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (dated of April 7, 2021) and performed with the informed consent of the surveyed employees.

Contribution of the authors:
Krasavina E.K. — concept, design of research, collection and processing of material;
Kryuchkova E.N. — writing, editing, formatting of the text;
Yatsyna I.V. — approval of the final version of the article.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: April 21, 2023 / Accepted: June 7, 2023 / Published: February 26, 2024