The Language of Grief in Public Space: Practices of Creating “Spontaneous” Memorials in Modern Russia [Yazyk skorbi v publichnom prostranstve: praktiki sozdaniia “spontannykh” memorialov v sovremennoi Rossii].

封面

如何引用文章

全文:

开放存取 开放存取
受限制的访问 ##reader.subscriptionAccessGranted##
受限制的访问 订阅存取

详细

This article is an introduction to the issue’s special theme on “Ritualism in the Space of a Contemporary City”, by Daria Radchenko, and Andrey Zagorulko and Egor Krykov. Over the past few decades, a language has been formed for public symbolic expression of grief associated with resonant tragedies. This language assumes: the formation of special symbolically loaded memory places in the urban space; manipulation of colour schemes that have symbolic meaning; the use of a repertoire of individual and group commemorative actions. Such commemorative practices arose as predominantly spontaneous actions based on the initiative of individuals and small interest groups. However, in Russia there is a tendency for the state and its actors to appropriate such practices.

全文:

受限制的访问

作者简介

Dmitry Gromov

Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: gromovdv@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0443-8718

д. и. н., ведущий научный сотрудник

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

参考

  1. Arvanitis, K. 2019. The “Manchester Together Archive”: Researching and Developing a Museum Practice of Spontaneous Memorials. Museum and Society 17 (3): 510–532.
  2. Cann, S.K. 2014. Virtual Afterlives: Grieving the Dead in the Twenty-First Century. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky.
  3. Gromov, D.V. 2010. “Vy menia ne zhdite…”: chto fiksiruetsia na sovremennykh mogil’nykh pamiatnikakh [“Don’t Wait for Me...”: What is Recorded on Modern Grave Monuments]. Zhivaia starina 1: 30–33.
  4. Gromov, D.V. 2012. Ulichnye aktsii (molodezhnyi politicheskii aktivizm v Rossii) [Street Actions: Youth Political Activism in Russia]. Moscow: IEA RAN.
  5. Gromov, D.V. 2013. Obriadnost’ v gorodskom landshafte – ob’ekty i praktiki [Ritualism in the Urban Landscape: Objects and Practices]. Traditsionnaia kul’tura 3: 71–82.
  6. Gromov, D.V. 2014. Konflikt v Biriulevo [Conflict in Biryulevo]. In Etnopoliticheskaia situatsiia v Rossii i sopredel’nykh gosudarstvakh v 2013 godu. Ezhegodnyi doklad, edited by V.A. Tishkov and V.V. Stepanov, 108–118. Moscow: IEA RAN.
  7. Gromov, D.V. 2017. Nemtsov most: stikhiinaia memorializatsiia [Nemtsov Bridge: Spontaneous Memorialization]. Moscow: IEA RAN.
  8. Margry, P.J., and C. Sánchez-Carretero. 2011. Rethinking Memorialization: The Concept of Grassroots Memorials. In Grassroots Memorials: The Politics of Memorializing Traumatic Death, edited by P.J. Margry and C. Sánchez-Carretero, 1–48. New York: New York University; University of Southampton.
  9. Milošević, A. 2018. Historicizing the Present: Brussels Attacks and Heritagization of Spontaneous Memorials. International Journal of Heritage Studies 24 (1): 53–65.
  10. Rajković, Z. 1988. Roadside Memorial Signs for Traffic Accident Victims. Narodna umjetnost: hrvatski časopis za etnologiju i folkloristiku 2: 167–180.
  11. Rulfs, M. 2011. Marking Death: Grief, Protest, and Politics after a Fatal Traffic Accident. In Grassroots Memorials: The Politics of Memorializing Traumatic Death, edited by P.J. Margry and C. Sánchez-Carretero, 145–168. N.Y.: New York University; University of Southampton.
  12. Santino, J. 2006. Performative Commemoratives: Spontaneous Shrines and the Public Memorialization of Death. In Spontaneous Shrines and the Public Memorialization of Death, edited by J. Santino, 5–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  13. Santino, J. 2010. Spontaneous Shrines, Memorialization and the Public Ritualesque. Ritsumeikan University Institute for Research in Humanities Bulletin 94: 51–65.
  14. Scott, J.C. 1990. Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts. Yale: Yale University Press.
  15. Sokolova, A.D. 2014. Spontannaia memorializatsiia v gorodskom landshafte: sluchai yaroslavskogo “Lokomotiva” [Spontaneous Memorialization in the Urban Landscape: The Case of Yaroslavl’s “Lokomotiv”]. Gosudarstvo. Religiia. Tserkov’ 1: 67–106.
  16. [Sokolova, A.D.] 2015. Sbityi samolet i terakt v Parizhe: mezhdu protestom i memorializatsiei [The Downed Plane and the Terrorist Attack in Paris: Between Protest and Memorialization]. Monitoring aktual’nogo fol’klora. Biulleten’ issledovatel’skoi gruppy XI–XII: 4–9.
  17. Sokolova, A.D., and A.B. Yudkina. 2012. Pamiatnye znaki na mestakh avtomobil’nykh avarii [Memorial Signs at the Sites of Car Accidents]. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie 2: 150–164.
  18. Walter, T. 2008. The New Public Mourning. In Handbook of Bereavement Research and Practice: Advances in Theory and Intervention, edited by M.S. Stroebe, R.O. Hansson, H. Schut, and W. Stroebe, 241–262. Washington: American Psychological Association.
  19. Wojcik, D. 2008. Pre’s Rock: Pilgrimage, Ritual, and Runners’ Traditions at the Roadside Shrine for Steve Prefontaine. In Shrines and Pilgrimage in the Modern World: New Itineraries into the Sacred, edited by P.J. Margry, 201–237. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
  20. Yugai, L. 2016. Pomianut’ stikhami: kommemorativnaia naivnaia poeziia [To Commemorate in Poems: Commemorative Naïve Poetry]. Arkheologiia russkoi smerti 3: 39–51.
  21. Yugai, E.F. 2019. (Ne)vechnaia pamiat’: zhizn’ i smert’ spontannykh memorialov [(Un)Eternal Memory: The Life and Death of Spontaneous Memorials]. Fol’klor i antropologiia goroda 1–2: 122–143.

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML
下载
2. Fig. 1. One of the objects of the memorial dedicated to those killed during the uprising in October 1993 (Moscow, Druzhinnikovskaya Street). The choice of color (red with the addition of mourning black) emphasizes the commitment of the dead to communist ideas. September 2012. Photo by the author

下载 (1MB)
索引源数据
3. Fig. 2. Symbolic objects form a performative statement. Memorial at the Japanese Embassy, ​​March 2011. Photo by the author

下载 (1MB)
索引源数据
4. Fig. 3. Memorial at the site of the terrorist attack at Lubyanka station (March 29, 2010). An example of how an official organization (Moscow Metro) provides a spontaneous memorial – tables and a banner are set up, a metro employee is tending to the flowers. Photo by the author

下载 (734KB)
索引源数据
5. Fig. 4. Emergencies Ministry cadets lay flowers in an organized manner at the “official” memorial to those killed in Kemerovo. March 2018. Photo by the author

下载 (866KB)
索引源数据

版权所有 © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2025