PLGA Nanoparticles as New Drug Delivery Systems in Leishmaniasis Chemotherapy: A Review of Current Practices


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Abstract

:Although leishmaniasis is one of the most common parasitic diseases, its traditional treatments suffer from some serious problems. To solve such issues, we can take advantage of the effective nanoparticle-based approaches to deliver anti-leishmanial agents into leishmania-infected macrophages either using passive targeting or using macrophagerelated receptors. Despite the high potential of nanotechnology, Liposomal Amphotericin B (AmBisome®) is the only FDA-approved nanoparticle-based anti-leishmanial therapy. In an effort to find more anti-leishmanial nano-drugs, this 2011-2021 review study aimed to investigate the in-vivo and in-vitro effectiveness of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-NPs) in the delivery of some traditional anti-leishmanial drugs. Based on the results, PLGA-NPs could improve solubility, controlled release, trapping efficacy, bioavailability, selectivity, and mucosal penetration of the drugs, while they decreased resistance, dose/duration of administration and organotoxicity of the agents. However, none of these nano-formulations have been able to enter clinical trials so far. We summarized the data about the common problems of anti-leishmanial agents and the positive effects of various PLGA nano-formulations on reducing these drawbacks under both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions in three separate tables. Overall, this study proposes two AmB-loaded PLGA with a 99% reduction in parasite load as promising nanoparticles for further studies.

About the authors

Alaleh Valiallahi

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Zahra Vazifeh

Department of Biotechnology, Shahed University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Zahra Gatabi

Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy,, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Maryam Davoudi

Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine,, ehran University of Medical Sciences,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Iman Gatabi

College Station,, Texas A&M University,

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

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