Effect of Glycemic Disorders and Habits on the Concentration of Selected Neurotrophic Factors in Patients with Lumbosacral Intervertebral Disc Degeneration


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Abstract

Background:Unhealthy habits, such as overeating processed and high-calorie foods, alcohol abuse, and smoking, negatively impact human health. It has been suggested that the inflammatory process and the resulting growth of nerve fibers within the intervertebral disc (IVD) fissures is the main reason for the pain accompanying IVD degeneration (IVDD).

Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine whether smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, or diabetes comorbidity contribute to the development of IVDD and how the aforementioned factors affect the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) in the study and control groups (intervertebral discs, IVDs from cadavers, and serum samples from voluntary blood donors).

Methods:The study group comprised 113 patients diagnosed with IVDD who qualified for microdiscectomy. Two control groups (I and II) were used in this study. The first included 81 IVDs obtained from Caucasian human cadavers. Control group II, on the other hand, included serum samples obtained from 113 voluntary blood donors. The expression profiles of BDNF, GDNF, and GAP-43 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:Our statistical analysis confirmed that patients who were overweight/obese, smoked tobacco, consumed alcohol, or had diabetes had a higher risk of IVDD (OR > 1). Statistical analysis showed that BDNF, GAP-43, and GDNF concentrations were significantly higher in the IVDs and serum samples obtained from the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, higher levels of BDNF, GDNF, and GAP-43 were noted in IVDD patients who consumed alcohol, smoked tobacco, were overweight/obese, or had comorbid diabetes compared to patients without these risk factors (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:We showed that changes in energy metabolism, habits, and lifestyle, as well as the degenerative process of IVD in the lumbosacral spine contribute to changing the concentration profile of the analyzed neurotrophic factors.

About the authors

Rafał Staszkiewicz

Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

Dawid Sobański

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski University in Krakow,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Kamil Bryś

Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Waldemar Och

Neurosurgery Department,, Regional Specialist Hospital

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Michał Garczarek

Department of Neurosurgery,, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Uladzislau Ulasavets

Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Michał Stasiowski

Chair and Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences,, Medical University of Silesia

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Werner Dammermann

Center for Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Brandenburg,, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Damian Strojny

Institute of Health Protection,, State Academy of Applied Sciences in Przemyśl,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Beniamin Grabarek

Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow

Email: info@benthamscience.net

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