PLASTAMINATION: Outcomes on the Central Nervous System and Reproduction

Antonietta Santoro; Marianna Marino; Laura Vandenberg; Marta Szychlinska; Erwin Lamparelli; Federica Scalia; Natalia Rocca; Raffaella DAuria; Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino; Giovanna Porta; Francesca Operto; Andrea Viggiano; Francesco Cappello; Rosaria Meccariello

doi:10.2174/1570159X22666240216085947

PLASTAMINATION: Outcomes on the Central Nervous System and Reproduction

Authors: Santoro A.¹, Marino M.¹, Vandenberg L.², Szychlinska M.³, Lamparelli E.⁴, Scalia F.⁵, Rocca N.¹, DAuria R.¹, Giovanna Pastorino G.M.⁶, Porta G.¹, Operto F.⁷, Viggiano A.¹, Cappello F.⁵, Meccariello R.⁸
Affiliations:
1. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana",, University of Salerno
2. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst
3. Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria
4. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno
5. , Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST)
6. Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry,, University of 84100 Salerno
7. Department of Science of Health School of Medicine, University Magna Graecia
8. Department of Movement and Wellness Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples
Issue: Vol 22, No 11 (2024)
Pages: 1870-1898
Section: Neurology
URL: https://hum-ecol.ru/1570-159X/article/view/644389
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X22666240216085947
ID: 644389

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Abstract

Background:Environmental exposures to non-biodegradable and biodegradable plastics are unavoidable. Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) from the manufacturing of plastics (primary sources) and the degradation of plastic waste (secondary sources) can enter the food chain directly or indirectly and, passing biological barriers, could target both the brain and the gonads. Hence, the worldwide diffusion of environmental plastic contamination (PLASTAMINATION) in daily life may represent a possible and potentially serious risk to human health.

Objective:This review provides an overview of the effects of non-biodegradable and the more recently introduced biodegradable MPs and NPs on the brain and brain-dependent reproductive functions, summarizing the molecular mechanisms and outcomes on nervous and reproductive organs. Data from in vitro, ex vivo, non-mammalian and mammalian animal models and epidemiological studies have been reviewed and discussed.

Results:MPs and NPs from non-biodegradable plastics affect organs, tissues and cells from sensitive systems such as the brain and reproductive organs. Both MPs and NPs induce oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, energy metabolism disorders, mitochondrial dysfunction and cytotoxicity, which in turn are responsible for neuroinflammation, dysregulation of synaptic functions, metabolic dysbiosis, poor gamete quality, and neuronal and reproductive toxicity. In spite of this mechanistic knowledge gained from studies of non-biodegradable plastics, relatively little is known about the adverse effects or molecular mechanisms of MPs and NPs from biodegradable plastics.

Conclusion:The neurological and reproductive health risks of MPs/NPs exposure warrant serious consideration, and further studies on biodegradable plastics are recommended.

Keywords

Microplastics, nano plastics, brain, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, gonads, gametes, reproduction.

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PLASTAMINATION: Outcomes on the Central Nervous System and Reproduction

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