Vol 19, No 8 (2012)

In this review, there have been considered current approaches to identification and use of indicators that reflected xenobiotics metabolism disorders caused by, on the one hand, by genetically determined biochemical individuality and increased sensitivity of human body, on the other hand - by accumulation of them in body biological fluids during constant administration from external environment. The study of the basic components of enzyme systems that implement metabolism of xenobiotics, can detect abnormalities in the process of detoxification of chemicals, which makes it possible to adjust the main elements of the metabolic transformation of toxicants, and enzymatic detoxification system components considered as markers of metabolism of xenobiotics, due to increased individual sensitivity and stable flow of xenobiotics into the body from the environment.

Results of an interdisciplinary research analysis of foreign and domestic scholars studies of sexual culture have been presented in the article. The terms concept and structure have been considered. There has been given an analysis of methodological reasons that led to formation of bio-evolutionary, social, cultural and socio-psychological approaches to study of sexuality. There have been detected conceptual problems complicating definition and systematization of types of sexual culture and its determinants.

In the article, materials of a study of influence of urban aerial technogenic pollutants on morbidity of infants living in Kirov have been given. It has been established that in the areas of industrial and power plants location and in the areas constituting zones of production emissions influence in comparison with the control area, there has been registered a statistically significant (p < 0.05) high general level of prevalence of diseases among the infants. In these areas, there has been established a direct, strong and statistically significant (p < 0.05) connection between the indicators characterizing atmospheric air complex pollution, a level of atmospheric air pollution with airborne suspended substances and frequency of prevalence of diseases of the respiratory organs, the nervous system, the ear and the mastoid process, separate states occurred in the perinatal period.

The town of Chapaevsk in the Samara region remained one of the most notorious hotspots of dioxin pollution in Russia for many years. The levels of dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) content in blood and breast milk of the town residents have been monitored since 2003. A longitudinal study of effects of dioxin pollution on physical and sexual development of boys has also begun in 2003. Levels of dioxins and POPs content in blood were measured annually in a cohort of 516 boys. This study documented a relationship between the POP levels in blood and the distance between the residence of the subjects and the source of the dioxin pollution. The POP content levels in blood were higher for the children who received breast milk (TEQ2005 = 24.5; 95 % CI 20.5 - 28.6) than for the children who received artificial feeding (TEQ2005 = 19.1; 16.5 - 22.1). The lower levels of dioxins and PCBs content were observed in the blood of the boys with higher BMI. The higher levels of POPs content in blood were observed among the boys whose families had vegetable gardens (TEQ2005 = 24.5; 23.6 - 27.3) compared to those whose families did not have gardens (TEQ2005 = 20.6; 18.9 - 22.4). The researchers observed correlations between the indicators of the boys physical development and the levels of dioxins and PCB content in their organisms. The levels of POPs content in the blood of the boys varied greatly from very low to very high, but the median levels were considerably higher than those observed in Europe and the USA.

In modern literature, there is observed morbidity growth of malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. Absolute majority of patients with this pathology start treatment already having III-IV stage of the disease. There is no tendency of a decreased neglect rate of malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses. Treatment efficiency of patients with tumors of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses depends on timely diagnostics. The main reason of late diagnostics is insufficient oncologic alarm in primary health care. All said above is actual, because the problems of therapeutic approaches to treatment of premalignant states havent been solved. At the same time, background processes preceding tumors of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses are morphologically revealed in 56.7 % of patients. One of the most frequent background processes of malignant tumors development is chronic polypous rhinosinusitis. Prevalence of chronic polypous rhinosinusitis is high. There is observed an increase of the chronic polypous rhinosinusitis incidence 2-4 % annually in the last ten years. Higher frequency of inflammatory diseases of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses is a result of serious ecological changes. There are only isolated literary data considering the chronic polypous rhinosinusitis as a premalignant state.