Vol 25, No 6 (2018)

Aim. To reveal the peculiarities of the incidence of the population of the Arkhangelsk region by infections controlled by means of specific prevention. Methods. A post-hoc epidemiological analysis of infection morbidity indices of the Arkhangelsk Region population, controlled by specific preventive measures (diphtheria, measles, rubella, poliomyelitis, tick-borne viral encephalitic - TBVE) has been carried out in the paper. Records and reports for the period 2011-2015 were used as data for a look back study. Results. Diphtheria morbidity on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region has kept the «zero» level during the last years. Measles morbidity in the period from 2007 to 2015 was registered in 2013 (10 cases) and in 2014 (1 case). Rubella morbidity in the period 2011-2015 was registered in 2013 году (5 cases). No cases of vaccine-associated paralytic polio were registered in the region in the period from 2006 to 2015. Infections vaccination coverage, controlled by specific preventive measures corresponds to regulated levels. The paper also presents the analysis and assessment of TBE morbidity indices, population immunization against TBVE and study results of the immunity stress to this infection in the Arkhangelsk Region. Conclusions. The results of serological examinations of children, adolescents, adults, when compared with the reference indicators, testify to sufficient specific protection, correspond to official information on vaccine coverage, and confirm the effectiveness of specific prophylaxis against diphtheria, poliomyelitis, measles and rubella. It is advisable to include immunization against TBVE in the regional calendar of preventive vaccinations.

The aim of the study was to assess the primary morbidity and prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems in the adult population living in the zone of influence of atmospheric emissions of multi-fuel thermal station. Metods: The study was carried out on the territory of Kirov, in the zone of influence of atmospheric emissions of urban heat and power plant. By means of cluster analysis in the fuel balance of thermal power plants 2 time periods differing on the ratio of fuel types in the fuel balance were allocated: the period from 2001 to 2008 (the share of solid fuel was 17-22 %) and the period from 2009 to 2015 - characterized by increase in the share of solid fuel in the fuel balance to 27-32 %. On the data basis of simulation of thermal station emission dispersion zonation of atmospheric emission influence from thermal station was carried out. Two districts (clusters) were pointed. They differ significantly on a level of a calculated ground level concentration of particulates, sulfur dioxide and carbonic oxide. In each pointed area and for each timeframe the analysis of primary disease incidence of circulatory and respiratory systems was carried out. Results: the increase in the share of solid fuel in the fuel balance is accompanied by an increase in the mass of dust emissions of fly ash, soot, sulfur dioxide and an increase in the level of primary morbidity and prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems in the population of residential areas directly adjacent to the sanitary protection zone of the multifuel thermal station and located in the direction of prevailing winds. Conclusion: management decisions on expansion of multi-fuel thermal power complexes and changes in the fuel balance must necessarily be accompanied by an assessment of the health risk of the population and measures to reduce risks to an acceptable level.

Attention is one of the main psychoLogicaL factors that influence the study progress of primary schoolchildren. Our research was aimed at studying the dynamics of attention function in ontogenesis of primary schoolchildren Living in Magadan city and assessing effectiveness of attention correction by means of biofeedback. The study was carried out using correction task method (version by V. N. Amatuni) in ontogenesis of primary schoolchildren (1-4 grades) (n = 190). Results: the obtained findings testified to regular improvement of attention function by the end of every academic year and revealed such positive changes as shortened time for doing exercises (р < 0.01) , fewer mistakes (р < 0.01), attention densification, that was an indicative of positive dynamics of neurodynamic processes in CNC and normalization of interhemispheric correlation. Pupils who took 8-10 session course of biofeedback (computer simulator "Bos-Puls" - trainings "Vira" and "Ralli") were able to improve the attention properties for a shorter time (6 weeks) than their agemates (18 weeks) by means of progress in attention concentration, self-regulation and self-control skills learning. Thus, for the 6 weeks period the median (Me) of error rate decreased considerably in right and left parts of correction task to 1,5 (p< 0,01) and 2,5 (p< 0,01) respectively in pupils who passed Bos-training. And the median of attention concentration values increased significantly to 3.1 y.e. (p< 0,05). Conclusion: training a child self-regulation resulted in his/her more comprehensive attention organization for a shorter period of time which in its tern stipulated harmonious development of psychic functions in ontogenesis and led to a successful implementation of a training process.

The article presents a review of the literature devoted to the analysis of the influence of weather conditions and helio/geophysical factors on patients with cardiovascular diseases. The main regularities of the influence of meteorological factors on public health, which are discussed in most publications, are the dependencies on 1) the season of the year, 2) the outside air temperature, 3) atmospheric pressure, 4) air humidity, 5) solar activity and changes of the electromagnetic field of the Earth. Particular attention is paid to the influence of heat waves and cold spells (prolonged periods of extreme heat or cold). In addition, the article discusses the impact on meteosensitivity of sex and age of patients. Most of the studies investigating the relationship between morbidity and weather factors are retrospective statistical analysis of the number of emergency medical calls or an analysis of mortality data. At the same time, the results of the analysis of the influence of the factors of both terrestrial and cosmic weather, obtained in various studies, are highly contradictory. Attention is drawn to the fact that this ambiguity of the results can be caused by the multifaceted influence of weather conditions and the lack of knowledge of the mechanisms that determine this influence, as well as the significant methodological problems in many studies related to insufficiently large sample sizes, inadequate statistical analysis, a relatively short period observation. In addition, a significant problem is associated with the paradoxical nature of the biological effect of weak low-frequency magnetic fields, including the Earth's magnetic field, whose energy is much less than the characteristic energy of biochemical transformations. The absence of reliably revealed regularities restrains further research aimed at revealing the subtle physiological mechanisms that cause the reactions of the human body to change the factors of terrestrial and cosmic weather. The solution, apparently, can be a comprehensive approach to the analysis of accumulated data involving physicians, biologists, physicists and mathematicians and the use of adequate approaches developed in different fields of science.

The purpose of this research is to develop a method of classification of pathological formations, intended for the automated processing of x-ray images of the chest. Method to build classifiers with the aim of establishing the optimal parameters were applied to the Fourier descriptors, in order to form the space of informative features. Hybrid technology of classification of chest x-ray based on three-level hierarchic system is suggested. «Weak» classifiers, which are based on two ways of data analysis, are generated on the first level. The first approach of building the «weak» classifier is based on an analysis of amplitude of Fourier spectrum at a sliding window. X-ray pattern is scanning sequentially by windows of different scale. Each window determine the amplitude of Fourier spectrum with reference to which «weak» classifier is building. It assigns image segment, which is captured by sliding window, to certain class. The second approach of building the «weak» classifier is based on descriptors, resulting from approximation of intensity histogram on analysis window. The number of «weak» classifiers, based on two ways of analysis, is that of a number of the chosen scales of the windows. At the second hierarchic level, the solutions of the «weak» classifiers are combines in each way of analysis of the first hierarchic level. The definitive decision is taken by a final classifier, which aggregates the solutions of two classifiers of the second hierarchic level. The classifier built based on the neural networks of direct distrib. Results. Evaluated ution of trainees by implementing the algorithm of back propagation errors the quality of classification of the morphological formations in the images. Generated validation criterion of classification quality based on the number of incorrectly classified pixels in a given class to the total number of pixels of that class in the reference image. It is established that the proposed method of multi-window spectral transformation allows to perform differential diagnosis of pneumonia and oncological morphological formations by the criterion of not less than 15 %. Conclusion: The results of these studies can be used to build intelligent systems of decision support for the diagnosis and prediction of diseases.