Vol 24, No 2 (2017)

To study the constitutional peculiarities of vegetative regulation of cardiac rhythm in 16-17 year girls, their body and leg length, trohanterny index, blood pressure, pulse frequency and temporal indicators of cardiorhythmography were taken. A pathological type of age evolution with a trohanterny index of < 1.85 was manifested at most; 25 % of surveyed persons had a normal (or slightly deviating from the normal) trohanterny index. Among long-legged girls with a low trohanterny index, the predominance of the sympathetic nervous system influence on heart rate occurred more frequent. Here, the regulation activity value was consistent with the level of functional tension (3,5 ±0,55). Among the girls with a medium and high trohanterny index, there was a tendency for a balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influence on heart rhythm. Using the constitutional approach, we identified the groups of girls prone to hypertension. The persons with extreme values (both low and high) and dominated effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic system on heart rate have a high risk of developing arterial hypertension with age due to the increased peripheral vascular tone and minute volume of blood flow.

A spirographic study of 80 students from 1-3 courses of Surgut State Pedagogical University at the age of 18-20 years old, born and residing in the North has been carried out. The aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of the respiratory system of the university students. Measurement of respiratory function was carried out by means of Program Apparatus Complex "Spiro-Spectrum". Results were analyzed by standard methods of mathematical statistics. All surveyed belonged to 1 and 2 health groups. Students with chronic and acute diseases of the respiratory system were excluded from surveyed group. It was found out that needed respiratory minute volume at rest in students-smokers was achieved by increase in respiratory rate and not by respiratory volume which was more energy-consuming. Reduce of maximum expiratory flow from 50 % and 75 % of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory flow rate from 25-75 % FVC in students-smokers were reflection of respiratory failure and a high risk of obstructive disorders development. Lower rates of maximum breathing capacity in smokers compared to proper values show decrease in the frontier of external breathing.

The article presents the results of research structural and functional response of the heart and systemic hemodynamics to measured physical load during adaptation of man to cold. Method of echocardiography in contrast the temperature of the seasons before and after the load on the body of men of working age, people of Northern European measured morphometric parameters of the heart, heart rate, hemodynamics in the pulmonary artery and in the aorta. During the study of the heart recorded blood pressure manometer. It is noticed that the person after clinoorthostatic active changes of body position chronotropic function of the heart, the systemic and intracardial hemocirculation had no seasonal differences. It was established that irrespective of the thermal regime of the external environment the body's response to short-term physical activity was associated with increased systolic blood pressure, increase heart rate, decrease of the systolic size of the left ventricle, enlargement of the cavity of the left atrium diameter and pulmonary artery. Thus there was an increase in the speed transorting blood flow with an increase in stroke volume and heart minute volume of blood circulation. Along with these changes in winter, relative to summer, found a greater increase in systemic hemodynamics, a lower increase of blood flow velocity in pulmonary artery and heart rate. The results suggest that in humans in the winter when to cold adaptation-induced short-term physical load stress the cardiovascular system is accompanied by a large than in summer, increased systolic blood pressure, less improvement of hemodynamics parameters in the pulmonary artery and chronotropic function of the heart.

The article provides a systematic review on the recent applications of the infrared thermography in medicine reported by Russian and foreign researchers. Advances in IRT technology and equipment, resulted in significant improvement of thermo-images quality and opened new opportunities for the practical application. Application possibilities of infrared thermography in diagnostics and treatment of diseases in different branches of medicine including traumatology and orthopedics, sport medicine, therapy and endocrinology, neurology, neonatology, diagnosis of vessels disorders and oncology are demonstrated in the article. The description of advantages (such as noninvasiveness, safety, relatively low cost and the ability to reveal pathologies on early stages) and disadvantages (insufficiently automated diagnostic type, subjective interpretation of data) of this method have been made. Perspectives of its development (creation of mathematical algorithms for automatic processing of thermo- images) and its introduction in to clinical practice have been analyzed. The use of consistent autoprograms for the thermographic images analysis allows to avoiding subjective interpretation of thermogram data. Nowadays, automatic methods of analysis are actively developed and put into practice, in particular, achievements in development of automatic image recognition algorithms allowed to solve problems of thermal images, automate cancer diagnostics.

Recent changes in Russian society, due to economic instability and the growing influence of Western culture lead to a change in perceptions of the profession and the content of the professional role. This impact is particularly noticeable in professions of socionomic type, where the intensity of personal interactions is significant. The paper provides an overview of modern research on the problem of professional development of medical specialists. The studies were conducted in the interdisciplinary field of medical, sociological, psychological, economic science, which allowed the authors to explicate such socially important phenomena as leadership in the medical profession, the phenomenon deprofessionalization in medicine and its causes, the professional deformation of doctors, expanding the repertory of occupational roles of non-treatment experts, trends in the development of medical sciences and reproduction of scientific potential in medicine and others. In general, the Russian research in its methodology is based on the classical concepts of the profession and keep the continental (European) approach to the concepts of professions and professionalism, keeping professional identity, career path, professional training and competence as the subject of research. The literature review led to the conclusion that in spite of multiplicity sociological studies in the field of individual professionalisation in medicine have quantum nature and affect the individual moments of the doctor's professionalization in modern realities, reflecting the continuity of the process of professionalization and socialization in the general, individual life concept.