Vol 68, No 4 (2024)

Introduction.The implementation of the state program “Zemsky Doctor” is one of the effective mechanisms to attract medical personnel to medical institutions located in rural areas.

The purpose of the study. To analyze the indices for attracting doctors to medical institutionsss located in rural areas of the Russian Federation during Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics the period from 2015 to 2022 within the framework of the state program “Zemsky Doctor”.

Materials and methods. The study used statistical data on eighty two subjects of the Russian Federation based on operational documented inquiries for the period from 2015 to 2022. Analytical and statistical methods were used in the research process. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis was conducted using the Statistica package version 13.3.

Results. During the study period, more than 33,000 physicians of various specialties were attracted and employed in rural areas. The index of the number of doctors attracted to rural areas under the program from 2015 to 2022 increased by 32.2%, from 0.9 to 1.19 per 10,000 rural population. When analyzing this index by regions of the Russian Federation, significant differences were revealed.

Research limitations. The research materials are limited by the results of the analysis of quantitative data obtained as a result of an operational request to the subjects of the Russian Federation and statistical data of the forms of federal statistical observation.

Conclusion. The study revealed the regions with the lowest level of the indice of physician supply also to have a low index of the number of doctors recruited under the program. The results of correlation analysis showed that in most of the Russian regions there is a direct dependence of the index of physician supply on the results of the implementation of the program “Zemsky Doctor”. The results of the program implementation have a significant impact on the staffing of medical organizations located in rural areas.

Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require a conclusion from the Local Ethics Committee.

Contribution of the authors:
Latyshova A.A. — layout, design, concept, writing, statistical processing of data;
Khodakova O.V. — design, editing.|
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.

Acknowledgment. The study was performed without outside financial support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no apparent and potential conflicts of interest in connection with the publication of this article.

Received: February 13, 2024 / Accepted: May 30, 2024 / Published: August 29, 2024

Introduction. According to Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) , in 2021, the Vladimir Region took 69^th place among all subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of natural population growth (loss). In terms of the frequency of general morbidity over 2010, the region was the most disadvantaged in the Central Federal District; in 2017, it was at the second place.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the medical and demographic situation in the Vladimir region during the pre-pandemic period.

Materials and methods. The official statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service and collections of the medical information and analytical center of the Vladimir region for 2001–2019 were used. The analysis of the main demographic indicators, as well as data on the general morbidity in children, adolescents, and adults in sixteen classes of diseases of the WHO classification (ICD-10) was carried out.

Results. The population of the Vladimir Region has decreased by 192,247 people since 2001. A significant differentiation of morbidity values is shown both by different age groups and by administrative districts.

Limitations of the study are usually related to the lack of access to detailed statistical information within administrative territories. The peculiarities of collecting and presenting statistical information on morbidity do not allow implementing a more detailed analysis within each age group, limited to three contingents.

Conclusion. For the first time, a study of the medical and demographic situation in the Vladimir region, which developed over a nineteen-year pre-pandemic period, made it possible to establish risk territories with characteristic features of their health status.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Contribution:
Martsev A.A. — research concept and design, material collection and data processing, statistical processing, text writing;
Trifonova T.A. — the concept and design of the study.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no funding.

Received: March 13, 2023 / Revised: April 21, 2023 / Accepted: October 18, 2023 / Published: August 29, 2024

Introduction. The quality of life and health in the young population is the main component that determines the potential of the country. Study in this area is necessary to determine the adequacy of medical care, as well as the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive measures.

Purpose. Assessment of the quality of life in the young population of Astrakhan region suffering from chronic diseases.

Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a study of the quality of life of the young population of the city of Astrakhan, suffering from chronic diseases. The study involved 18–44 year four hundred one resident of Astrakhan. Russian version of questionnaire SF-36 was used as the main method for assessing the quality of life in the study group.

Results. In general, the quality of life in young residents of Astrakhan suffering from chronic diseases is average. The physical and social activity of respondents does not decrease, according to the results of the analysis of the physical and psychological components of health. There is a decrease in daily activity, depending on the physical condition in participants with pathologies of the genitourinary system, the hematopoietic system, the respiratory and the circulatory system. Analysis of life activity, daily activity, depending on the emotional background, social functioning, as well as the mental health of respondents, regardless of pathology, showed average values.

Research limitations. The limiting factors in the study are the age composition of the study group, the set of factors studied, structure of the diseases, regional characteristics. The study did not involve patients with disabilities, as well as those suffering from severe diseases.

Conclusion. The results of the study are applicable in practical healthcare to improve the quality of management and conduct of medical examinations, preventive medical examinations and dispensary observation of the population; training of personnel in the field of prevention of non-communicable diseases and the formation of a healthy lifestyle.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out in accordance with the standards of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association and the “Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation”. All participants signed an informed consent to participate in the study.

Contribution of the authors:
Antonova A.A. — research concept and design of the study, compilation of the list of literature, statistical data processing;
Shipilova N.A. — collection and processing of material;
Magomedalieva Z.O. — collection and processing of material.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: April 24, 2023 / Accepted: October 18, 2023 / Published: August 29, 2024

Introduction. The basis of preventive activities in pediatrics is medical examination, based on active dynamic monitoring of sick and healthy children. An important part of medical examination is preventive examinations, which are carried out with the aim of timely detection of deviations in the health status in children and the management of necessary treatment, preventive and health measures.

Purpose of the study: based on the results of a dynamic 10-year observation, present the data on the health status of a single cohort of schoolchildren to update the main preventive areas for children’s practice over schooling process.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of a study of the health status of four hundred thirty seven schoolchildren at different stages of schooling (before entering school, at the end of first grade, during the transition to subject education and at the end of school education), according to a single protocol, on one sample and a single methodology with sequential multiple registration of selected indices of the health status in schoolchildren and annual analysis over a period of 10 years.

Results. An analysis of the distribution of those examined cases by membership in health groups clearly demonstrated a decrease in the number of children in health groups I and II and an increase in schoolchildren in health groups III and IV. A dynamic assessment of diagnosed pathological conditions in their compliance with a certain ICD-10 class over a 10-year observation period revealed an increase in the proportion of schoolchildren suffering from diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the organ of vision, cardio- and endocrinopathies.

Research limitations.The study has regional (Krasnoyarsk Territory) limitations and concerns 6 to 17 year children.

Conclusion. The data obtained established the possibilities of early diagnosis in risk groups, and preventive measures aimed at developing healthy lifestyle skills in schoolchildren and their parents within the framework of priority national projects in Russia.

Compliance with ethical standards. The conducted studies complied with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Association “Ethical Principles for Conducting Medical Research Involving Human Subjects” with the amendments of 2000 and the “Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation” approved by Order No. 266 of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 19.06.2003, which was confirmed by the bioethics committee of the Prof. V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University.

Contribution of the authors:
Taranushenko T.E. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text, statistical data processing;
Tepper E.A. — collection and processing of material. writing a text, compiling a list of references, statistical data processing.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: April 11, 2023 / Revised: October 31, 2023 / Accepted: December 20, 2023 / Published: August 29, 2024

Introduction. In the formation of individual approaches to the treatment of diseases, taking into account the characteristics of each patient, the main attention is paid to the characteristics of the human genome and other biomarkers. At the same time, the individual culture of health, the worldview characteristics of patients, as a rule, are not taken into account, which determines the need for further development of the concept of the socio-cultural code of health and determination of the potential for its application.

Materials and methods. Critical analysis of domestic and foreign literature, development of a conceptual approach that makes it possible to study the specifics of the attitude of representatives of various social communities to the sphere of health and the possibility of influencing it.

Results. The sociocultural code of health is one of the subsystems of the sociocultural code as a whole. The complexity of the social organization makes it possible to single out the levels of the cultural code in accordance with the scale of the social community under consideration: national, ethnic, and corporate socio-cultural code of health. The variability of the socio-cultural code is largely due to the nature of the information space in which social communities are located. The study of indicators of the socio-cultural code by the methods of sociology allows obtaining qualitative and quantitative data characterizing the attitude of society towards the sphere of health.

Research limitations. The study is limited by insufficient understanding of the nature of memory and the peculiarities of storing information in it, which limits the possibilities of studying the sociocultural code of the health sector.

Conclusion. Taking into account not only predispositions to certain diseases due to the genetic code, but cultural attitudes towards health, prevention and treatment of diseases determined by the socio-cultural code of health, can improve both the quality of treatment and the effectiveness of preventive measures. Emphasis on ethnic, corporate, and occupational cultural characteristics of citizens provides the gain in the effectiveness of educational activities aimed at magnifying the value of health, personal responsibility for it, and raising public awareness about a healthy lifestyle, prevention measures and methods of treatment (as far as possible without resorting to specialists).

Compliance with ethical standards. This study requires no conclusion from the Local Ethics Committee.

Contribution of the authors:
Drapkina O.M. — research concept and design, editing;
Suvorov V.V. — research concept and design, collection and processing of material, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature;
Kiselev A.R. — writing the text, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: February 13, 2023 / Revised: April 7, 2023 / Accepted: October 18, 2023/ Published: August 29, 2024

Introduction. Medical students constitute a special social group differing a lot from the other studentship. First, they are professionally aware of the risks associated with bad habits. Second, they will be doctors soon and one of their future functions is to prevent bad habits (both current and potential) among their patients.

The purpose of the study was to analyze alcohol consumption among medical students of different gender depending on socio-psychological factors.

Materials and methods. The analysis was based on the student survey data of the Kuban State Medical University (Krasnodar). The survey used an electronic anonymous questionnaire. A total of one thousand seven hundred thirty two questionnaires have been analyzed (questionnaires completed by males accounted for 24.1% of the total number of questionnaires). Comparisons of shares of individual responses in different groups of respondents have been conducted on the basis of four-field tables using Chi-square criterion, significance level p < 0.05. The relative risk and its confidence interval have been determined.

Results. 37.6% of respondents have not consumed alcohol in the last 12 months. 45.0% of students consume alcohol once per month or less frequently. Every 7^th student (14.6%) drinks alcohol 2–3 times a month, and only 1.1% indulge more often (2–3 times a week). The relationship between frequency of alcohol consumption and characteristic features differed by gender.

Research limitations. The analysis was based on the student survey data of the Kuban State Medical University (Krasnodar).

Conclusions. The situation among young students — students of the Medical University, is rather favourable. As the number of years in training increases the share of students who consume alcohol decreases. However, the level of general anxiety is on the rise coupled development of episodes of behaviour in some respondents that raise concern.

Compliance with ethical standards. The data obtained from respondents is depersonalized and requires no the opinion of the local ethics committee. Voluntary consent to participate in the events was obtained from all respondents.

Contribution of the authors:
Alekseenko S.N. — research concept and design;
Gubarev S.V. — collection and processing of research material, text writing, editing;
Zubko A.V. — research concept and design, statistical data processing, text writing and editing;
Sabgaida T.P. — processing of research material, statistical data processing, text writing, editing;
Redko A.N. — research concept and design, collection and processing of research material, editing.
All authors were engaged in final review of the manuscript and are responsible for integrity of its parts.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: March 19, 2023 / Accepted: October 18, 2023 / Published: August 29, 2024

Introduction. The preservation of children’s health is an important state task, the success of which is largely determined by the socio-cultural context, traditions in the application of preventive measures and the provision of medical care. In this regard, it is indicative of the comparison of measures to preserve the health of schoolchildren in the “Russian schools” of the emigrant environment (on the example of schools in the Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and Soviet schools in the 1920s and 1930s in the conditions of the spread of infectious diseases.

Materials and methods. The data sources were published reports of Russian educational institutions in exile, which contain information about the health of schoolchildren, data on the health of Soviet schoolchildren were obtained from collections of analytical works of the specified period.

Results. The prevalence of infectious diseases in children among Russian emigration and in the USSR was comparable, with the exception of measles, cases of which were not recorded in emigrant educational institutions in the Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. As the main preventive measures, disinfection and examinations were carried out, vaccinations were made. The living conditions of emigrants contributed to the spread of tuberculosis, the incidence of which among children of emigrants was higher than among the European population. Soviet and emigrant doctors agreed that the fight against infectious diseases should develop at the level of organized collectives (schools, kindergartens).

Conclusion. Thus, emigrant doctors largely followed the medical traditions and experience that had developed in pre-revolutionary Russia. Nevertheless, the living conditions of emigrants and the lack of funds became factors that reduced the effectiveness of preventive measures and medical care. An important difference was that the events in the Soviet Union were carried out within the framework of the state policy on health protection, and in the emigrant environment were of a local nature, determined as a rule by the capabilities of specific educational institutions.

Contribution of the authors:
Klimovich L.V. — research concept and design, collection and processing of material, writing the text, statistical data processing;
Suvorov V.V. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature;
Shaipak L.A. — writing the text, editing;
Kiselev A.R. — writing the text, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 Received: February 8, 2023 / Accepted: April 12, 2023 / Published: August 29, 2024