Vol 68, No 3 (2024)

Introduction. There are no separate reports devoted to telemedicine consultations in pulmonology. Severe respiratory failure and distance of residence of many patients sometimes makes it impossible to transport them to specialized medical institutions. Telemedicine consultations in such cases make it much easier to receive medical care, conduct a Consilium or coordinate further treatment tactics at the patient’s place of residence. This article analyzes the results of telemedicine consultations of patients with pulmonary pathologies.

Purpose. To evaluate the opportunities and main trends of providing medical care to pulmonary patients by means of telemedicine consultations.

Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the results of seven hundred one telemedicine consultation on pulmonary profile in the “doctor–doctor” format for the period of March–December, 2022 inclusive. The following parameters were analyzed: request type, request region, profile, diagnosis by ICD-10 classes, routing recommendations, and patient hospitalization.

Results. The largest number of requests came from the Central (29.5%), Volga (22.5%) and Siberian (18%) Federal Districts. 302 cases were recommended for routing to federal centers, 57 patients were actually hospitalized. For interstitial lung diseases 266 (38%) telemedicine consultations were performed, pneumonias: 167 (24%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 130 (19%), sarcoidosis: 33 (5%), which in total accounted for more than 85% of all telemedicine consultations performed.

Research limitations: short analysis period (March–December 2022), low or no requests for telemedicine consultations from selected regions.

Conclusion. The use of telemedicine consultations in pulmonology makes medical care more accessible to the population, which undoubtedly affects morbidity and mortality rates.

Compliance with ethical standards: the research does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.

Contribution of the authors:
Avdeev S.N. — conception and design of the study;
Berikkhanov Z.G. — conception and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing;
Merzhoeva Z.M. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Titova I.P. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing;
Sokolov N.A. — writing the text, editing;
Nikitina L.Yu. — writing the text, editing;
Akhmarova A.Sh. — compilation of the list of literature, statistical data processing;
Mullaeva M.M. — compilation of the list of literature, statistical data processing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 Received: September 07, 2023 / Accepted: October 19, 2023 / Published: June 28, 2024

Introduction. The key functional objectives of the Outpatient (Ambulatory) Cancer Care Center (OCCC) are: the improvement the accessibility and quality of medical care for patients in whom a tumor process is suspected, and for patients with an established diagnosis of malignant neoplasm. OCCC solves important problems in ensuring complete, timely diagnosis, and early beginning of the treatment. The finding optimal ways to manage the work in the OCCC will help achieve the key indicators of the capital’s regional project “Fighting Cancer.”

Purpose of the study. Description of a possible option for the formation of a virtual digital Cancer Center for outpatient care operating on the basis of conventional polyclinics and hospitals without placing forces and means of oncological care (primary care) in separate buildings by combining oncological and regular medical care provided for a unified patients flow.

Results. The concept of managing virtual digital OCCC has been developed. That concept can be realized through wide teaching (initially or later on) and granting the additional (second / double specialty) medical specialization in “oncology” to the physicians working in ordinary clinics / hospitals. Some types of highly specialized anticancer treatment (radiotherapy, complex/combined procedures) will continue to be provided centrally in individual medical centers / departments at other levels.

Materials and methods. This research study is based on results obtained through searching the relevant sources in the Google system and elibrary.ru (RSCI database). We analyzed the results published over 2021–2022.

Research limitations. Despite the obviousness of some prospects for managing a virtual OCCC, this concept requires testing in pilot studies, with their implementation in real clinical practice.

Conclusions. If positive results are obtained and confirmed, this approach may become more widespread in the oncological service.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require submission of the opinion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Contribution of the authors:
Andreev D.A. — material collection and processing, collection of literature data, compilation of the list of literature, writing the text;
Zavyalov A.A. — research concept and design, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: January 19, 2023 / Accepted: April 12, 2023 / Published: June 28, 2024

Introduction. The pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) has significantly reduced the amount of sanatorium work. The introduction of a self-isolation regime completely eliminated the possibility of holding face-to-face events (lectures, seminars, lessons). And the appearance of a huge number of documents over a short time dictated the need for urgent communication of adapted information about innovations not only to specialists, but also to a wide range of the population.

Purpose. Generalization of the results of the work carried out by the Federal State Financed Health Establishment of Rospotrebnadzor «Centre of Hygienic Education of People» on sanitary and hygienic education of the population during the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Russian Federation from 2020 to 2022, to identify the main directions for transforming classical forms, methods, and means of sanitary and hygienic education.

Materials and methods. Materials and methods. Analysis of the results of the activities of the Federal State Financed Health Establishment of Rospotrebnadzor «Centre of Hygienic Education of People» on sanitary and hygienic education of the population during the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Russian Federation from 2020 to 2022.

Results. The main directions of transformation of forms, methods and means of sanitary and hygienic education are considered. The same is true with the practical introduction of the use of the Federal State Financed Health Establishment of Rospotrebnadzor «Centre of Hygienic Education of People» in the run-up to the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

Research limitations. The research materials are limited to the results of an analysis of the activities of the Federal State Financed Health Establishment of Rospotrebnadzor «Centre of Hygienic Education of People» during the spread of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Russian Federation from 2020 to 2022.

Conclusion. The experience of working in the COVID-19 pandemic has shown the relevance of sanitary and educational work and the need for its continuous improvement, scaling and adaptation for various segments of the population using modern information and communication technologies.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the presentation of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Contribution of the authors:
Delitsyn D.A. — approval of the final version of the article, concept and design of the study, writing the text, data processing, editing, compiling a list of references, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Filippova N.V. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, data processing, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Received: February 9, 2024 / Accepted: March 19, 2024 / Published: June 28, 2024

Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers (HCWs) turned out to be the most vulnerable category of the population in terms of the risk of developing psycho-emotional disorders.

Purpose. Establishing the features of the state of the psycho-emotional sphere, coping strategies among doctors of therapeutic specialties of COVID hospitals, multidisciplinary hospitals (MP) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as outpatient clinics (AP) link.

Materials and methods. Examined: 1 group — doctors of therapeutic specialties (DTS) in COVID hospitals (CH) (n = 111); 2 group — DTS in multidisciplinary hospitals (MH) (n = 106); 3 group — DTS in outpatient polyclinic (OP) (n = 102); group 4 is the control group (n = 190). The burnout syndrome was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Questionnaire. The study used the Integrative Anxiety Test (IAT) to study the formation of psycho-emotional disorders in psychoemotional disorders during the coronavirus pandemic. The assessment of coping strategies in during the COVID-19 pandemic was carried out according to the methodology developed by R. Lazarus and S. Folkman, adapted by E.V. Kuftyak.

Results. The features of the formation of professional burnout, the level of anxiety, the formation of coping strategies in DTS of specialized COVID hospitals, MH, and OP link during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 have been established.

Research limitations. The study has regional (Samara region) limitations.

Conclusions. The activity in DTS of specialized COVID hospitals during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection, compared with the DTS of MH and DTS of the OP, is associated with an increase in the level of occupational stress, the level of professional burnout, an increase in the level of anxiety and in the use of coping strategies. It is necessary to continue research on the emotional state of medical personnel to timely conduct preventive treatment to maintain the health of medical workers.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out within the framework of the complex topic of the Department of occupational diseases and clinical pharmacology named after the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev of Samara State Medical University “A systematic approach to early diagnosis, prevention and prediction of the impact of low-intensity production factors on the health of workers” (state registration number AAAA-A18-118122190069-6, date of statement registered on 21.12.2018). The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on 11/23/2021.

Contribution of the authors:
Melentyev A.V. — research concept and design, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature, editing;
Babanov S.A. — research concept and design, statistical data processing, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature;
Ostryakova N.A. — research concept and design, statistical data processing, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature;
Lavrentyeva N.E. — writing the text, compilation of the list of literature, editing;
Lysova M.V. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing, writing the text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Received: June 26, 2023 / Revised: October 26, 2023 / Accepted: December 20, 2023 / Published: June 28, 2024

Introduction. Diseases of the endocrine system (DES) have been and remain the object of attention of health authorities due to their pronounced upward trend, high incidence rates. Along with the study of endocrine morbidity, the analysis of its negative outcomes (disability, mortality, lethality) is important in a comprehensive assessment of public health disorders. Over 2020–2021 the situation with outcomes due to diseases of the endocrine system has changed due to the emergence of a new coronavirus infection.

The purpose of the study is to present the prevalence of diseases of the endocrine system and their outcomes during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods in the Perm Territory (PT), compare with indicators in the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. A continuous statistical method was used to analyze the structure, level, dynamics, growth rate of the general, and incidence of DES and its outcomes in the PT population throughout the pre-COVID-19 (1998–2019) and COVID-19 (2020–2021) periods. Based on the identified trends, a five-year forecast was compiled. A comparative analysis with similar all-Russian indices was carried out.

Results. The rates of appealability of the PT population for diseases of the endocrine system (as in the Russian Federation) have tripled over a twenty-year period (pre-COVID-19 period). During the covid pandemic, with reduced overall morbidity rates, the upward trend continued. Analysis of the trend of disability indices indicates the instability of the process of disability. A decrease in the level of primary and repeated disability was noted. Mortality rates from diseases of the endocrine system have risen. Mortality rates rose, especially during the COVID-19 period.

Research limitations.The research materials are limited by the period 1998–2021.

Conclusion. Epidemiological tension, pronounced growth rates of diseases of the endocrine system and their unfavourable outcomes should be taken into account by the territorial authorities when making managerial decisions to improve medical care for the population.

Compliance with ethical standards. This type of research does not require the submission of the opinion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents, since the main material is based on statistical reporting.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 Received: January 4, 2023 / Accepted: April 12, 2023 / Published: June 28, 2024

Introduction. The health of the population largely depends on the availability for a general practitioner (GP) with the knowledge and practical skills necessary to provide high-quality primary health care.

Purpose: to study the educational needs, preferred forms, and methods in training Russian GP.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Departments of General Medical Practice of the Institute of Vocational Education of Sechenov University, Family Medicine of Belgorod State University, Polyclinic Therapy, Postgraduate Training and Nursing of Kemerovo State Medical University, General Medical Practice and Polyclinic Therapy of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education. The study used sociological, statistical and analytical research methods. The final analysis included four hundred two questionnaires for GP.

Results. The disciplines (modules) of the specialty of the therapeutic profile have the greatest practical significance for Russian GP: internal medicine, laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, emergency medical care and oncology. In relation to all disciplines (modules), the need to improve the level of theoretical and practical training was identified. Its main directions are determined. Full-time and part-time forms of education are the most acceptable modes. Most prefer traditional teaching methods. The most convenient is training for 144 hours or short-term thematic educational programs.

Research limitations. The limitations of the study are the urban working conditions of the GPs who took part in the survey, as well as subjective assessment, which was the subject of study and analysis.

Conclusion. Improving the quality of training in GP will contribute to increasing the satisfaction and motivation of doctors, as well as improving the quality of primary health care and the health in the country’s population.

Compliance with ethical standards. Compliance with ethical standards: the study was approved by the local ethics committee of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), protocol No. 06-21 dated 07.04.2021.

Contribution of the authors:
Volnukhin A.V. — research concept and design, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature;
Morozova T.E. — writing the text, editing;
Skvirskaya G.P. — writing the text, editing;
Zhernakova N.I. — collection and processing of material, editing;
Pomytkina T.E. — collection and processing of material, editing;
Stremoukhov A.A. — collection and processing of material, editing;
Zaugol’nova T.V. — collection and processing of material;
Samokhina E.O. — collection and processing of material;
Chegaeva T.V. — collection and processing of material;
Reze A.G. — collection and processing of material;
Gertsog A.A. — statistical data processing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: January 9, 2023 / Revised: February 15, 2023 / Accepted: April 12, 2023 / Published: June 28, 2024

Introduction. In this paper, an attempt was made to study the trend in the publication activity of researchers about the life and work of an outstanding figure in Soviet health care, a full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR, Professor Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko.

Materials and methods. The bibliographic method was used during the research. In total, 200 previously published works on N.A. Semashko, published by researchers from 1924 to 2023, were selected for analysis.

Results. Publication activity of researchers about the life and work of the outstanding health manager, teacher, and scientist in the field of social hygiene N.A. Semashko changed significantly over the analyzed centenary period. A gain in the number of publications was observed after his death in 1949 and continued until 1975, especially in relation to anniversaries of the birth of Nikolai Aleksandrovich, after which a decrease in the number of printed works on this topic was noted until 2013. During the last decade, interest in N.A. Semashko’s life and the work of has grown again, which is associated with increased attention of the medical community to the healthcare system he created and the 150^th anniversary of his birth in 2024.

Research limitations. Articles in scientific journals, book editions and dissertations about N.A. Semashko.

Conclusion. Given the significant number of publications about N.A. Semashko, the continuing interest in his personality and the 150^th anniversary of his birth, when conducting a further historical analysis of the life and work of Nikolai Aleksandrovich, researchers need to use, first of all, the surviving archival materials and published eyewitness accounts of that time to present the modern world on objective facts. to the generation of doctors of the events of a difficult period of our history and to pay tribute to the teacher for his contribution to the development of national health care, medical education, and science.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.

 Received: July 17, 2023 / Accepted: October 18, 2023 / Published: June 28, 2024

Знаменательные и юбилейные даты истории здравоохранения 2025 года

В статье О.Е. Хорошаева и В.Н. Трегубова «Опыт отечественного и зарубежного здравоохранения по назначению на должности руководителей медицинских организаций специалистов без медицинского образования (обзор литературы)» написано про руководство больницами в Германии следующее: «деятельность генерального директора, который является врачом, повышает затраты, но также удовлетворённость пациентов. Руководители из числа топ-менеджеров имеют лучшие экономические показатели» [1]. В 1990–2001 гг. (с перерывами) я работал или проходил стажировки в разных больницах Германии — как восточной, так и западной её части. Насколько мне известно, генеральных директоров больниц там не было. Функции главного врача больницы поделены между собственно главврачом (leitender Chefarzt), ведающим преимущественно медицинскими вопросами, и директором, руководящим техническими и экономическими делами. Российский главврач, объединяющий эти функции, иногда превращается в менеджера и забывает о медицине; в результате некоторые главврачи концентрировали своё внимание на евроремонтах, похоронном бизнесе и др. [2]. Противоречий между руководителями возникать не должно, если у обоих добросовестный подход, направленный на улучшение качества медицинской помощи и основанный на принципах медицинской этики.