Vol 27, No 7 (2020)

The aim of the study was to assess associations between the levels of radioactive, chemical and combined pollution in the Bryansk Region and al-cause child and adult morbidity over a ten-year period from 2008 to 2017. Methods: The density of radioactive contamination of territories by Cesium-137 (137Cs) and Strontium-90 (90Sr) due to the Chernobyl accident was estimated as well as the average annual effective radiation doses of the population and chemical pollution. The main pollutants contaminating the atmospheric air were found: carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds. Number of gross emissions of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere was recalculated per area of the region. The primary morbidity of child and adult population was analyzed according to all classes of diseases. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using Shapiro - Wilk, Mann - Whitney tests and Spearman correlation coefficients. The data were obtained from Bryanskstat, Rostekhnadzor and Rospotrebnadzor. Results: Four groups of territories of the Bryansk region were constructed according to the levels of radiation, chemical and combined contamination. Child morbidity on the territories of combined pollution exceeds child morbidity on the territories of chemical and radioactive pollution by 34 and 11 % (1 660 vs. 1 235 and 1 501 per 1 000 population). A correlation analysis of the relationship between child morbidity and the level of radiation and chemical pollution revealed a statistically significant correlation with atmospheric air pollution by carbon monoxide (р = 0,42, p = 0,02) and higher and more significant correlations with the levels of radioactive contamination with 137Cs and 90Sr both in children (р = 0,64, p = 0,001 for 137Cs and р = 0,66, p = 0,001 for 90Sr), and in adults (р = 0,50, p = 0,005 for 137Cs and р = 0,48, p = 0,007 for 90Sr). Conclusions: Positive significant associations were observed between the levels of radioactive, chemical and combined pollution and child morbidity in the Bryansk region.

The aim of the present research was to study anthropometric characteristics of the aboriginal population of the Magadan Region, North-Eastern Russia. Methods: A random sample of 135 young aboriginal men aged 17-21 form Magadan Region representing Koryaks, Evens ethnic groups participated in a cross-sectional study. All the subjects were split into 4 age-groups. Basic anthropometric measurements with subsequent calculation of anthropometric indices were performed. Results. In contrast to Caucasian young men, the group of aborigines showed annual growths of the body length during the adolescent period of ontogenesis, at the age of 18 and 2021, due to the height increase in the sitting position with a pronounced body mass increase (8.7 kg vs. 2.3 kg ), chest circumference (by 7.2 cm in Aborigines versus 3.3 cm in the Caucasians). The Aboriginal subjects also demonstrated an increase in their body build shifted from weak (at 17 and 18 year old age) to medium (at 19 and 20-21), whereas in the group of Caucasians a medium build was observed at the age of 17, 18 with the body strength developing to strong in the older age groups. These changes of the basic indicators of physical development demonstrated by the group of young Aborigines that took place against the background of an increase in the strength indicators could only occur in older age groups (at 19 and 20-21), which was associated with an increase in BMI. Conclusion. The results of a comparative analysis of the age dynamics of the main somatometric indicators and their calculated indices in the juvenile period of ontogenesis carried out in the two ethnic groups indicate the pronounced differences in somatometric status formation. The Aboriginal subjects showed a lag in their physical development rate.

Aim of the study: hygienic assessment of the combined effect of harmful substances and biogenic elements consumed with drinking waters on the task performance of adolescents in the South of the Russian Far East by simultaneous screening. Methods. Seven settlements in the Primorsky Territory were investigated. The content of chloroform, tetrachlorethylene, Fe, Mn, Si and the ratio Ca/Mg were assessed in tap water. 283 schoolchildren aged 15-16 were examined. The questionnaire method was used to determine the daily consumption of Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Si with tap, bottled (45 trade marks) and filtered (5 home filter models) water. The actual average total daily dose (AADD) of consumption of the substances with drinking water was calculated. Screening of adolescents' task performance in the settlements was carried out synchronously on February 8 and 9, 2017 at 8:50 - 10:30 AM. Anfimov's table was used for assessing task performance. The number of viewed letters, productivity coefficient, indicators of total errors and differentiation errors were taken into account. The relationship between AADD of substances and task performance was assessed using methods of paired rank (Rs) and multivariate partial (Rch) correlation analysis. Results. In some settlements, tap water contains a lot of Fe (0.74 mg/L), Mn (0.18 mg/L), Si (67.11 mg/L) and very little Ca (7.89 mg/L) and Mg (1.54 mg/l) against the background of safe concentrations of chloroform, tetrachlorethylene. The correlation dependences between productivity coefficient indicator and Ca/Mg ratio (Rs = +0.86; p ≤ 0.01) in girls, viewed letters indicator and the Mn-Fe-Ca/Mg complex when eliminating the influence of Si (Rch = -0.88; p ≤ 0.001) in girls and (Rch = -0.74; p ≤ 0.01) in boys, differentiation errors indicator and Mn-Si-Ca/Mg complex when eliminating the influence of Fe (Rch = +0.52; p ≤ 0,05) in boys were established. According to the scientific literature, the revealed correlations have a set of features typical of the cause-effect relationships. Conclusion: deficiency and imbalance of Ca and Mn in drinking water against the background of its contamination with Mg, Fe and a natural excess of Si is a real risk factor for reducing task performance in adolescents of the Primosky Territory.

The aim of the study was the methodological substantiation and systematization of the areas of training for graduates in the Master's program "Psychology of Health" on the basis of a medical university. The experience of designing and implementing a master's program within the framework of the paradigm of mental ecology is presented. During the implementation of the program, a number of issues were solved with the study of its relevance, the identification of the types of professional activities of undergraduates, the list of competencies formed, the curriculum development, the development of educational and methodological support, the examination and review of the program. The main activities of future specialists are highlighted, and a six-module principle of drawing up the curriculum is proposed, including adaptive, pedagogical, scientific, practical modules, language training and health psychology from the modern perspective of environmental health. The practice-oriented interdepartmental nature of training is emphasized in close collaboration with psychiatric departments, psychological and socially-oriented centers. The role of the international component of professional training based on interaction with scientific and educational centers of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region and Germany is outlined. Moreover, the main scientific areas of the program that are significant for the Arctic territories of the European part of Russia are considered.

Conducting scientific research in the field of medicine, as in other areas of science, involves the need to comply with various standards and rules. Making various kinds of mistakes at the stage of planning or implementation of scientific research may lead to the fact that the research needs to be conducted again, and the existing results are unsuitable for publication, and even more so for the defense of a dissertation. The purpose of this article is to review the most common mistakes that researchers make at the stage of planning or implementing medical research. The article discusses the errors associated with the wrong definition and poor study design, incorrect formulation of the goals and objectives of the research, defects, sampling research and work with the generated databases, as well as errors made in a statistical analysis of the data. The material presented in the article does not claim to be an exhaustive list of possible mistakes that can be made during research. This material is a summary of the authors ' experience in reviewing and evaluating various types of scientific research. Taking into account the experience described in this article will prevent potential errors in medical research and ensure better planning and implementation of scientific research in the field of medicine.