Vol 26, No 2 (2019)

The aim was to study effects of radioactive contamination of a territory on human adaptive mechanisms with special emphasis on cardiovascular risk factors. The adaptive reactions of the human body as a result of long radiation exposure were studied by analyzing heart rate variability and blood pressure. Methods: A sample consisted of 944 residents of the Urals region. Of them, 223 lived in the Techa River basin, into which liquid radioactive waste materials were released, 587 lived in the zone of the East Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT), and 134 residents lived in a non-polluted area. Short electrocardiograms (100 R-R intervals) were recorded. Continuous data were analyzed using Scheffe test two-way analysis of variance. Proportions were analyzed using tests assuming binomial distribution. Results: Heart rate variability and blood pressure were chosen as indicators of adaptive reactions of the human body. Substantial proportion of the population living in radioactive contaminated areas is in the state of the stress, as expressed by the deviation from the normal values of SI (at 52.2 % of the sample), SDNN (at 58.1 % of the sample), and from the normal values of VBI (at 42.7 % of the sample). Mean values of SI among residents of the Techa River basin were significantly different from the corresponding values among study participants from other territories. Conclusions: We observed significant effect of radioactive pollution on the state of adaptation mechanisms of the Urals region population. It is shown that regulatory system is in stress at significant part of population living in radioactive contaminated territories.

In this paper we present new models of homeostasis as uninterrupted and chaotic changes of functional systems parameters of human body. The aim of the study is to establish the statistical and chaotic patterns of age-related changes in heart rate variability of residents of the North of the Russian Federation. Methods. The main outcomes variable was R-R interval measured using pulse oximeter "EL0KS-01". Data on other cardiovascular system functional parameters were also obtained. The new approach for the analysis we present is based on calculation of coordinates xi which are included in a common vector x(t). The new presentation of complex systems evolution for aboriginal residents and newcomers was presented. We studied permanent female residents of the Ugra region and newcomers. Results. The result of the study showed that according to a new theory of chaos-self organization there are substantial differences between dynamics of quasi-attractors of cardio-vascular system of newcomers. Age-related changes in the area of quasi-attractors demonstrate significant changes that satisfy the condition of a two-fold change in R-R intervals with age. Many people surveyed after 55 years give an increase in their quasi-attractor, which is inconsistent with the dynamics of change in the area of quasi-attractor S from time T for Khanty women and does not guarantee real longevity. The dynamic is not typical for normal aging changes of functional system parameters xi (especially R-R intervals x(t)). Conclusions. It is established that these quasi-attractors decrease with age (their area S), which is typical for the parameters of the R-R intervals. The dependence of the rate of age evolution of R-R intervals for aboriginal women is obtained, which can be used as a standard of normal aging of the human body in the Russian North.

Aim - to study direction and magnitude of associations between indices of comfort and aesthetics of living environment and selected population characteristics as well as indicators of the somatotype, psychological and social status of a person. Methods. An expert assessment of the aesthetic nature of the environment was carried out and the comfort of the human environment in 13 regions using data from the National Atlas of Russia. A list of indicators of the social status of the population in the same regions was selected using the data form the Federal State Statistics Service. Standard indicators of the somatotype, psychoemotional state, level of prosociality and severity of various vectors of behavioral and social activity in 1 471 people, men and women, aged 18-28, permanently living in the selected regions, were assessed. Results. According to the majority of indicators of the psychological and social status of the population, there is a unidirectional dependence of their manifestation on the comfort and aesthetics of the environment. At the same time, we observed inverse association between economic activity (p = 0.051), behavioral activity (p = 0.019) and prosocial behavior (p = 0.025) and the aesthetic characteristics of the living environment. Among the indicators of social status, significant associations were found between with the comfort of the habitat and population density (p = 0.001), migration attractiveness of the region (p = 0.002), average age (p = 0.025), and quality of life (p = 0.032). Statistically significant inverse relationship was observed between divorce rate and comfort of the environment (p = 0.021). Conclusions. We observed several significant associations between indicators of comfort and aesthetics of the environment and phenotypic and social status of individuals. Further research is needed to corroborate our findings in other regions.

The article presents the results of the assessment of the trends of malignant neoplasms incidence in Russian regions using multivariable statistics. The study was performed using cluster analysis and panel data models for the data on cancer incidence for all 78 Russian regions for the period from 2005 to 2015. RStudio package was used for all calculations. Data on all independent variables were collected from the official state statistics. Cluster analysis and modeling methods taking into account the panel structure of data makes it possible to study associations between environmental indicators and the incidence of cancers or so-called oncoepidemiological process. The proposed method of multivariable analysis of medical and statistical indicators contributes to the field of data processing for medical and environmental monitoring.

The share of the elderly population in Russia has been growing in recent years, which necessitates the search for new ways to improve the efficiency of medical, psychological and social services to assess the mental health condition of elderly people and directions of its preservation, taking into account national, historical features and social conditions. The aim of the study was the methodological substantiation of the use of new socially-conditioned approaches to ensure the early detection of mental disorders in the elderly in the Arctic territories of Russia. Subjective and objective difficulties of detection of mental disorders and specific "stresses of old age" reducing the quality of life level are systematized. Four directions of activity on strengthening of elderly persons mental health taking into account social and demographic structure, cultural and gender traditions, special value of a family and the related relations and other specific features of accommodation in the conditions of the Arctic zone are proved: shift of emphasis in primary and secondary preventive and diagnostic activity from psychiatric services to doctors of primary link and specialists in the sphere of rendering social services; training in the use of specialists in screening tools; psychological preparation of the relatives of the possession of screening simplest methods for mental activity disorders in persons of advanced age; involvement in the care of older people with mental health problems members of the foster - adoptive families. The basic prognostic factors of preservation and strengthening of senior age group representatives of the mental health are defined. The great social importance of the introduction of early screening of changes in mental functions in the elderly to improve the integrative indicator of their quality of life as a level of comfort in interaction with the micro-social environment, in the framework of the implementation of the basic provisions of the concept of active and healthy longevity.