Vol 26, No 12 (2019)

Aim: to assess the prevalence and experience of caries among 10-14 years old children in the Nenets Autonomous Area (Arctic Russia) in relation to mineral composition of drinking water and socio-demographic factors. Methods. A cross-sectional study. Altogether, 308 schoolchildren were examined using standard WHO methodology. Caries experience was presented as a sum of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT). Samples of drinking water were taken. Caries prevalence and mean DMFT were presented with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-squared tests. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for numeric data. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to study associations between mineral components of drinking water and MDFT. Results. The prevalence of caries was 72.4 % (95 % CI: 67.2-77.1) with the mean DMFT of 3.46 (95 % CI: 3.13-3.79) % with no gender difference. On average, there were 1.28 (95 % CI: 1.07-1.49) decayed, 0.05 (95 % CI: 0.02-0.09) missing and 2.13 (95 % CI: 1.84-2.4) % filled teeth. Nenets children living in rural areas had lower DMFT-index compared to children from the boarding school and from urban areas (p < 0.001). Russian children from the boarding school had more decayed (p < 0.001) and missing (p < 0.001) teeth than rural and urban children. Weak inverse association (rs = -0.12; p = 0.031) was observed between nitrite-ion concentration and caries experience. Conclusions. No association was found between the mineral components of the drinking water and DMFT except for the nitrite-ion. Significant geographical variation is caries experience were observed. Moreover, mean values for the components of the DMFT-index varied between ethnicities.

The aim of this study was to study lifestyle and health status of the Nenets population permanently living on Arctic islands and to identify behavioral risk factors for health and well-being. Methods. All 48 Nenets at the age of 18 years and older who permanently live on Vaigach Island participated in this cross-sectional study. Data collection was performed according to the WHO STEPS tool. Results. The perception of health by the Nenets is satisfactory on average, which is explained by the young mean age of the population (42.5 years). The Nenets lifestyle is characterized by a wide spread of self-destructive behavioral strategies: poor nutrition (due to a lack of dietary products of plant origin and high salt intake) (100 %), smoking (98 %) and alcohol abuse (100 %). Conclusions: The results of the study warrant urgent development of preventive measures directed at health promotion among the Nenets population on Vaigach island and most likely in other areas populated by the Nenets minority.

The aim of the work is to develop a construct of the internal picture of the disease (IPD) in case of neurotic disorders (ND) as the main personality factor that determines the use of environmental resources and adherence to treatment under stressful conditions of the disease; based on the assessment of the structure and mechanisms of the IPD, the determination of the basic emotional, cognitive and behavioral components in connection with the tasks of optimization of medical and psychological rehabilitation. Methods. A multivariate cohort analytical observational study of 1,262 patients with ND was performed. Clinical, experimental-psychological and statistical methods were used. Results. Four main types of IPD were singled out: depressive somatocentric (DS), depressive psychocentric (DP), phobic somatocentric (FS) and phobic psychocentric (AF) with the prevalence of the latter (p = 0.036). Individuals with ND were more characterized by "depressed" types of IPD (p = 0.028), with anxiety-phobic disorders - "phobic" (p = 0.032), with dissociative, s a wide variation in the representation of IPD types: DP - 35.9 %, DS - 26, 0 %, AF - 25.0 %, FS - 13.1 % was observed. The disharmony of the interpersonal sphere in ND was shown: a clear prepotence to conflict and dominance (dominance factor V 1.17 ± 0.45) over the tendency to cooperate and subjection (benevolence factor G -0.10 ± 0.41). Regardless of the type of IPD in HP there was a mistuning of the concepts "I-real" and "I-ideal", which manifested in a low degree of self-acceptance and the presence of a conflict attitude to oneself. The peculiarity of self-esteem in patients with "depressed" types of IPD was expressed in emphasizing weakness in emotional experience and at the same time reflecting traits of confidence, independence, perseverance in self-ideal; with "phobic" - alertness and straightforwardness in relations with others. Conclusions: the developed concept of IPD in case of HP was an emotional-cognitive-behavioral construct of personality adaptation to a disease as the basis for a psychological strategy in therapy and medical-psychological rehabilitation aimed at increasing the level of psychological resource reserve of patients.

The aim of the study was to clarify the role of inhibitory control, taking into account the importance of its central and autonomous components in success level of university students. Methods. The study involved 58 students aged 17-21 years. The functions of executive attention control were evaluated on the basis of testing the reaction time during the selection of congruent and incongruent visual stimuli. As an autonomous component of inhibitory control, heart rate variability indices were considered. For self-assessment of health status, the SF-36 questionnaire was used. Results. A connection between student success level and the functions of executive and autonomous control systems has been established. It indicated that faster selection of information and shorter decision making time, but greater tension in autonomic regulation of cardiac activity with increased tone of the sympathetic nervous system corresponded to a higher success level. According to the results of the regression analysis, the success predictors were indicators of the speed of information selection, the functions of the executive attention system and the adequacy of the processes of autonomous regulation, which explain from 10 to 19 % of its variability. According to the SF-36 questionnaire, the best self-esteem of physical health corresponded to a lower heart rate, and mental health - a lower index of autonomic balance, that was, the predominance of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system. Conclusions. Higher success level corresponded to the best indicators of the central component of inhibitory control - effective selection of information, but with a greater strain of autonomous regulation of cardiac activity. This indicated the need to increase the stress resistance of students with high examination scores and train executive control of attention when success level was low.

The aim was to study associations between triclosan concentration in seminal fluid or testicular tissue and germinal and endocrine functions of the testes in men. Methods. Atogether, 53 samples of seminal fluid in men with normospermia and pathozoospermia were studied. Concentration of triclosan was determined in the seminal fluid by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Spermological assessment was conducted according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (2010) with an assessment of the sperm DNA Fragmentation Index. In addition, the concentration of total plasma testosterone was estimated. The experimental part of the work was performed on white mature CD Wistar male rats (n = 20). For two months, the rats in the experimental group received 200 mg/kg of triclosan (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) daily with food. Functional and morphometric techniques were used to evaluate the generative and endocrine function of the testes. The concentration of triclosan in the testes was measured by the GC-MS method. Results. In 84.9 % of ejaculate samples, triclosan was found with a median concentration of 0.13 (0.05-0.22) ng/ml. Men with normospermia and pathozoospermia had statistically significantly differentd concentrations of triclosan in seminal fluid (p = 0.045) and sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (p = 0.004). In the experimental part of the study, rats receiving triclosan had significantly lower testicular mass (p = 0.001), smaller diameter of convoluted seminiferous tubule and lower thickness of seminiferous epithelium (p <0.001), as well as lower total number of Leydig cells (p = 0.001). Conclusions: triclosan has a negative effect on the germinal function of the testes in men and experimental animals and can be considered as an endocrine disruptor.