Vol 25, No 3 (2018)

Emissions from oil refining, chemical industry, heat power industry, which are located in the Irkutsk region, cause a high level of air pollution in these areas. Personalized approach to assessing the risk of health disorders allows to set taxis to external influence. The aim of this study was to assess the level of expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) and cytokine content in adolescents with different risk of formation of the immune system disorders caused by the individual inhalant chemical load. Methods. The calculation of the individual chemical load, hazard quotient (HQ) of pollutants and hazard indexes (HI) and dysimmunity for 244 adolescents was carried out based on the data on air pollution and indoor air pollution, the organization of educational process and leisure time, anthropometric and spirometric indices. The content of interleukins-2 and -10, alpha and gamma interferons in the serum of adolescents was studied by the method of enzyme immunoassay. The level of expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 was assessed by polymeric chain reaction. Results. Persons with an increased risk of developing the immune system pathology were identified as a result of calculating the individual chemical load. It has been stated that the risk of immunity disorders in adolescents living in industrial cities of the Irkutsk region was due to the presence of formaldehyde, nitrogen and sulfur dioxide in the air. While assessing the role of atmospheric and indoor air pollution level in the formation of HQ it was detected that indoor air pollution with formaldehyde was of primary importance. An increase in interleukin-2 and gamma-interferon concentration and decrease in the interleukin-10 concentration was stated with an increase of the air pollution level by chemical impurities that affect the immune system. Conclusion. Thus, the presence of relationships between the indicators of the immune system and increase of their expression with an increase of HI indicates mechanisms contingency of pro-and anti-inflammatory process in the development of adaptive reactions in adolescents under the influence of chemical air pollutants.

The results of factors evaluation of educational and production environment of cadets training at higher marine educational institutions are presented in the paper. It was determined that in the process of professional assimilation of the marine specialties the combination of training and production environment factors affected the cadets organisms, which required considerable stress of adaptation mechanisms of body balance control and could influence the morbidity of this cohort. The complex of leading factors that determined the health state of students of higher marine educational institutions included: microclimate, artificial lighting, noise, vibration, harmful chemical substances in the air of working zones, an increased level of mental stress. The students of all faculties are characterized by a high level of mental stress, which indicates the negative transformation of their emotional and autonomic processes that complicate adaptation to the training environment of marine profession. It is shown that microclimate instability and jet lag when vessels passing to the different climatic areas of the World Ocean exacerbate negative effect of marine environment factors on students health. In the structure of General morbidity of cadets diseases of the respiratory system (62 %); traumas, intoxication and some other consequences of external causes (18.4 %); the nervous system diseases (7.5 %) are dominated. Factors analysis of educational and production environment shows that the cadets health is an indicator of the synergistic negative factors of the training environment that are to be considered while organizing educational and production process and carrying out of preventive measures.

The purpose is to study the annual dynamics of activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR) of erythrocytes, the content of selenium in blood serum, provision with vitamins A (tocopherol) and E (retinol) in young men (18-22 years), residents of the North (62° northern latitude) and involved in manual work in the open air by trade. Methods. The cohort study was carried out. The SOD activity was estimated by quantity of nitro-formazan. GP was estimated by the loss of reduced glutathione at its oxidation with a tret-butil hydroperoxide. GR was estimated by oxidation rate of NADPH. The concentration of retinol and tocopherol was determined on the intensity of lipid extract fluorescence of blood serum. The concentration of selenium in plasma was identified by a fluorimetric method with 2,3 diamino-naphthalene. Results. Data analysis showed decrease of SOD activity up to 45.17 ± 0.34 (Ôβ1/2.Ññ/ml erythrocytes) during the cold period of the year (November-March) and increase up to 71.09 ± 0.53 (Ôβ1/2.Ññ/ml erythrocytes) during the warm period of the year (June - August), whereas the activity of GP and GR, selenium level in blood serum increased during the cold period of year and decreased during the warm period of the year. For example, activity of GP was 112.35 ± 6.29 (micron/min./rHb) in November and 35.87 ± 2.47 (micron/min/rHb) in July. The level of tocopherol in the blood serum varied from 2.39 to 6.53 mcg/ml during the year and it was considerably lower than middle-latitude norm (8-15 mcg/ ml). The minimum level of tocopherol was in August, September, October, January and maximum in November and March. Dynamics of the content of retinol in the blood serum was similar within a year. Level of retinol had the annual dynamics similar to tocopherol and was at the lower limit of normal (30-80 mcg/ml). Conclusion. Seasonal fluctuations of SOD and GP of erythrocytes activity, vitamins' contents, selenium in blood serum can be treated as adaptation processes of the organism to natural and climatic factors.

Goals. Revealing of physiological interrelations of the indicators of anthropometry, microhemocirculation, cardic hemo dynamic and physical development in young men- natives of the North. Methods. 160 young men aged 17-21, natives of the Magadan region in 1-2 generations took part in the study. Using a method of computer capillaroscopy morphometric structure of capillary and erythrocyte velocity at the nailfold capillaries was studied. The main somatometric indices, as well as, cardiovascular indices and integral rheogra-phy were measured. Results. Subjects' typing into groups was made according to capillary blood flow velocity. Interrelation was found between the variability of somatometric characteristics and the body functional state with capillary blood flow velocity. The analysis of the main cardiogeodynamic characteristics showed that in the group with a high capillary blood flow velocity the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were significantly higher than in the group with a low velocity and consequently were significantly beyond the limits of normal for this age group in accordance to the recommendations of the All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology. Conclusions. The obtained results allow to put off capillary blood flow velocity as the informative typifying marker in cardiohemodynamics estimation. The efficiency of systemic blood circulation in subjects with higher capillary blood flow velocity is higher than in other groups. At the same time none of the groups had an optimal level of hemodynamics, which is due to adaptive physiological alternation of natives-Caucasoids of the Far North in comparison with higher blood pressure indices of their peers - inhabitants of the regions with more favorable climatic conditions.

The problem of diagnostics and treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head is relevant at the present stage. Late diagnostics of this disease leads to a radical operation of hip arthroplasty, which does not always favorably affect the quality of life of young and mature patients, when the primary intervention is not final and the revision arthroplasty is required in the dynamics. Information on modern diagnostic capabilities and a differentiated approach to the choice of treatment methods depending on the stage of avascular necrosis of the femoral head is the purpose of this review. 55 national and international sources have been analyzed in this paper. Data on the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, classifications, possible variants of clinical manifestations of the process, detailed results of additional survey methods in a comparative perspective, including early stages of the disease and possible methods of conservative and operative treatment depending on the stage of the disease are presented in this review. The introduction into practice of decompression surgical methods of treatment, the use of biocomposite materials, vascularized bone grafts to fill the bone cavity allows us to look optimistically at the prospects of methods development for treating this pathology.