Vol 69, No 1 (2025)

Introduction. Provision of rural health care with medical personnel is one of the main problems and a priority area for the development of the health care system. In this regard, it is necessary to monitor key indicators to address the issues of planning and forecasting the availability of medical care.

The purpose of the study. To analyze the trend in key indicators of provision with doctors and specialists with secondary medical education in medical institutions located in rural areas of the Russian Federation.

Materials and methods. The statistical materials “Resources and activities of medical health care institutions. Medical personnel: statistical materials” on the provision of medical institutions with medical personnel in the country as a whole, federal districts and subjects of the Russian Federation for the period from 2018 to 2022. When calculating the indicators, we were guided by the methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Analytical and statistical methods were used in the research process. Calculations were performed using Excel 2019 spreadsheets.

Results. In the Russian Federation as a whole during the period under study, the number of physicians in rural health care decreased by 9% and the number of middle medical personnel (MMP) by 10.1%. The analysis of the age structure in medical workers working in rural areas revealed an increase in the average age of both doctors and MMP.

Research limitations. The research materials are limited to the results of the analysis of quantitative data obtained from the forms of federal statistical observation.

Conclusion. Rural health care employs up to 9% of physicians out of the total number of physician personnel, and the average medical personnel accounts for 34% of the total number of employees of health care organizations in the country. However, the provision of the population with medical and paramedical personnel remains low, staffing of regular positions is decreasing. The subjects with the most pronounced “ageing” and “rejuvenation” of both medical and paramedical personnel have been identified.

Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require a conclusion from the Local Ethics Committee.

Contribution of the authors:
Latyshova A.A. — text writing, statistical processing, design;
Nesvetailo N.Ya. — editing;
Liutsko V.V. — research design;
Ivanova M.A. — concept, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of its final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: September 25, 2023 / Accepted: December 20, 2023 / Published: February 28, 2025

Introduction. The territorial characteristics of the population’s residence can influence individual health risks. For the Russian population, the influence of regional living conditions on the individual probability of behavioural risk factors and the development of a number of diseases is shown.

The purpose of the study is on the base on prospective observation data to assess the individual risks of death from the regional living conditions of the Russian population.

Materials and methods. Individual indicators were taken from the Russian study ESSE-RF 2013–2014, with subsequent prospective observation during 2015–2021. (sixteen thousand three hundred twenty nine people of 25–64 years from 10 regions of Russia). To assess regional living conditions, 4 regional indices were used: Socio-geographical, Demographic, Industrial, Economic. A proportional hazards model (Cox regression) was used to estimate associations, calculating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for a wide range of individual sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics.

Results. In the full model, living in an economically developed region reduces the individual probability of death (0.55; 0.43–0.71). The contribution of the Economic Index, compared to individual traditional health risk factors, is quite high. The influence of the Economic Index is most pronounced in men and people aged of 55–64 years. In the group of people without higher education, living in an industrialized region increases the individual probability of death (1.36; 1.05–1.76).

Research limitations. To represent a Russian representative sample, 10 regions is sufficient, however, when considering regional characteristics, of course, more stable patterns of influence would be obtained if a larger number of regions were involved, with all the diversity of regional living conditions of the population.

Conclusion. The study made it possible to identify the dependence of the individual probability of death on the regional characteristics of the Russian population, which expands the fundamental understanding of the cause-and-effect dependencies of human health on environmental factors and makes it possible to take into account environmental factors in predicting the health of the population.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by local ethical committees: National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine (Moscow), protocol No. 07-03/12 dated 07.03.2012. All patients signed an informed consent to participate in the study.

Contribution of the authors:
Maksimov S.A. — research concept and design, writing the text, compilation of the list of literature, statistical data processing;
Shalnova S.A. — research concept and design, editing;
Kutsenko V.A. — statistical data processing, editing;
Kapustina A.V. — collection and processing of material;
Balanova Yu.A. — collection and processing of material;
Muromtseva G.A. — collection and processing of material;
Evstifeeva S.E. — collection and processing of material;
Imaeva A.E. — collection and processing of material;
Karamnova N.S. — collection and processing of material;
Drapkina O.M. — collection and processing of material, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: January 25, 2024 /Accepted: March 19, 2024 / Published: February 28, 2025

Relevance. Maternity protection is an urgent area of health development, since the health of the expectant mother largely determines the health of the future child.

The purpose of the study is to identify trends in complications of parturition and the postpartum period in the Republic of Mari El for 2010–2022.

Materials and methods. The authors analyzed forms No. 32 “Information on medical care for pregnant women, women in labor and maternity women” using methods of epidemiological analysis and medical statistics.

Results. A 49.3% decrease in normal labor was found (M ± SD 40 ± 7; 95% CI 36–44; p ˃ 0.05), an increase in the incidence of the studied cohort by 13% (M ± SD 600 ± 70; 95% CI 557–642; p ˃ 0.05), a decrease in the incidence of edema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders by 14.3% (M ± SD 100 ± 17; 95% CI 89–110; p ˃ 0.05), since 2015 — a decrease in moderate preeclampsia by 19.8%, eclampsia by 22.5%, an increase in severe preeclampsia by 1.2%. A tendency to increase the incidence of diabetes mellitus has been established. There was a twofold increase in bleeding due to blood clotting disorders, a 30.4% decrease in labour disorders (M ± SD 105 ± 17; 95% CI 95–116; p ˃ 0.05), an increase in obstructed labour by 27.5% (M ± SD 66.54 ± 34.70; 95% CI 45.57–87.51; p ˃ 0,05). Anemia is the leader in the structure of diseases in 2010 and 2022 (45.67% and 30.32%), labour disorders (15.36%) in 2010 and diabetes mellitus (22.81%) in 2022 are in second place, edema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders are in the third place in 2010 and 2022 (13.3% and 11.0%).

Research limitations. the present study was limited to the data of diseases that complicated childbirth on the territory of the Republic of Mari El.

Conclusion. There is a tendency to increase the incidence in pregnant women, severe preeclampsia, diabetes mellitus, the prevalence of bleeding due to blood clotting disorders, and difficult parturition. The results of this study allowed identifying trends in morbidity that can be taken into account when planning preventive programs.

Compliance with ethical standards. This type of research does not require examination by the local ethics committee.

Contribution of the authors:
Vinogradova I.V. — research concept and design, writing text, compiling a list of references, statistical data processing, editing;
Petrov I.V. — research concept and design, writing text, compiling a list of references, statistical data processing, editing;
Domracheva N.E. — editing;
Novoselova N.E. — editing;
Ivanova O.Yu. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing;
Aleev I.L. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing;
Almukhametov A.A. — concept and design of the study, statistical data processing, editing.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: June 23, 2023 / Revised: November 13, 2023 / Accepted: December 20, 2023 / Published: February 28, 2025

Introduction. The pandemic of a new type of coronavirus infection has negatively affected on the lives of Russians, causing them to feel fear for their lives. In this connection, there was a transformation of the social roles of the patient and the doctor, as well as a change in the conditions and boundaries of their interaction.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perception of COVID-19 patients of the conditions of medical care in an infectious diseases hospital.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted by questionnaire in two stages: in the summer of 2020 and in the summer of 2021, two hundred eighteen respondents participated.

Results. The pandemic significantly changed the lifestyle of the respondents: only 9.5 ± 3.2% of the respondents at the first stage of the survey led their usual lifestyle before the disease, a year later the proportion of such study participants had no statistical significance. Assessing the working conditions in doctors, 94.1 ± 3.1% of respondents at the first stage of the survey and 85.6 ± 2.9% at the second stage reported that they consider them difficult. 85.7 ± 3.8% of the participants at the first stage of the survey and 70.1 ± 3.9% of the second estimated the amount of payments to hospital medical workers as insufficient, taking into account working conditions and the level of workload of medical personnel (p_value < 0.005). All patients, without exception, were satisfied with the quality of provided medical care, despite the existing dissatisfaction with medical nutrition and living conditions.

Research limitations. The study materials are limited to the results of questionnaire survey of patients at two infectious diseases hospitals of N. Novgorod, conducted from June to August 2020 and 2021.

Conclusion. Patients with new-onset coronavirus complications at discharge were satisfied with their conditions of care at an infectious disease hospital. The facts of dissatisfaction with the therapeutic nutrition or living conditions noted by the patients did not influence their satisfaction.

Compliance with ethical standards. Conclusion of the local Ethics Committee N 7 dated 05/31/2022. 

Contribution of the authors:
Reshetnikov A.V. — research concept and design, editing;
Romanova T.E. — text writing, statistical processing of data, compilation of a list of references;
Abaeva O.P. — text writing, statistical data processing;
Prisyazhnaya N.V. — collection and processing of material;
Romanov S.V. — collection and processing of material;
Berdutin V.A. — text writing, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: April 20, 2024 / Accepted: December 11, 2024 / Published: February 28, 2025

Introduction. World consumption of fish per capita will reach 21.2 kg in 2030, compared to an average of 20.5 kg in 2018–2020. Fish accumulate arsenic, which then enters the human body with food. An acute problem is the hygienic aspects of accumulation of arsenic in fish grown in natural and artificial (aquaculture) conditions.

Purpose of the study. Assessment of hygienic safety for consumers when eating fish grown under natural conditions versus those raised on fish farms.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study are Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). The methods of isolating total arsenic and inorganic arsenic by microwave decomposition, as well as the method of sequential fractionation for isolating arsenic in the form of complex organic compounds were used. Arsenic in all fractions and forms of existence of the element was determined by ICP-MC. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were calculated.

Results. Data on arsenic distribution in sturgeon parts and organs were obtained. Based on this, the following sequence of total arsenic decrease was compiled: liver > (intestine + stomach) with contents > caviar ≈ fillet > head (without gills) > skeleton with visiga > gills > skin without scales. Up to 27% of all accumulated arsenic is associated with adipose tissue with the formation of complex compounds with lipids. The levels of carcinogenic risk for inorganic forms of arsenic according to the acceptance criteria are below the target risk value. None of the sturgeon samples had non-carcinogenic risk values > 1.

Research limitations. Only one species of fish (sturgeon) was used in the studies.

Conclusion. The conducted sequential fractionation of arsenic forms allowed detecting the proportion of fat-soluble, water-soluble arsenic compounds in sturgeon fillets and caviar in relation to the total content. Comparative analysis of arsenic compounds in fish grown in natural and artificial conditions did not reveal significant differences in its distribution between the two methods of cultivation. As a result of the conducted studies, the use of Siberian sturgeon was established to do not pose a danger to human health.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require a biomedical ethics committee opinion.

Contribution of the authors:
Rakitskiy V.N., Onishchenko G.G., Fedorova N.E. — concept and design of the study;
Bondareva L.G. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing;
Fedorova N.E. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing.
All co-authors — approved the final version of the article, are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment. The authors are grateful to the staff of the Center for Collective Use of the Siberian Federal University for assistance in conducting the research. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 Received: November 25, 2024 / Accepted: December 11, 2024 / Published: February 28, 2025

The nutritional status in an athlete depends on the individual genetic characteristics of the body, the level of physical and psycho-emotional stress, and a balanced diet with the inclusion of specialized food products and dietary supplements. The development of big data analytics and artificial intelligence can contribute to the development of nutritional recommendations at the individual or stratified level.

The purpose of the review is to analyze and summarize research papers devoted to the possibilities of using digital technologies, deep machine learning techniques, and artificial intelligence in the field of sports nutrition to ensure a personalized approach to improving professional success. There were studied papers published in 2004–2024 in domestic and foreign electronic databases: Web of Science, Scopus, eLIBRARY.RU, Russian State Library, library collection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology”.

The potential for AI-based technologies in sports nutrition is extremely diverse: dietary assessment, recognition and tracking of food diversity, predictive modelling of athletic performance and non-communicable diseases, and selection of personalized diets. To ensure sustainable growth in the coverage of digital products and technologies, further directions for their application in sports medicine should be aimed at improving the quality and standardization of data and reducing algorithmic bias.

Contribution of the authors:
Nikitjuk D.B. — research concept and design, editing, approval of the final version of the article;
Korosteleva M.M. — writing the text, compiling a list of references;
Tarmaeva I.Yu. — design, writing the text.
The co-authors approved the final version of the article and take responsibility for the integrity of all its parts.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: October 14, 2024 / Accepted: December 11, 2024 / Published: February 28, 2025

Introduction. A pressing issue is the possible impact of exposure to heavy metals on the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among the pediatric population.

Purpose. To evaluate the immune and genetic profile in CVD children under environment contamination with nickel and copper.

Materials and methods. Ninety seven children living in the industrial center of the Perm region were examined. Observation group (45 CVD patients), comparison group (52 cases) without CVD. Annexin V and CD16⁺CD56⁺ receptors were determined by cytofluorometry. Content of specific IgE to nickel and IgG to copper was detected by the allergosorbent method. SNP genotyping was performed using real-time PCR.

Results. In the observation group, there was noted an increase in the concentration of nickel and copper; hyperproduction of IgG to copper, IgE to nickel by 1.8 and 1.5 times; activation of CD16⁺CD56⁺ receptors by 1.2–1.6 times and annexin V by 1.5–4.5 times. Prevalence in the observation group of the C allele of the IL-6 G174C gene (RR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.01–2.59) and the C allele of the MTHFR C677T gene (RR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.07–1.79) increase the relative risk of CVD by 1.6 and 1.4 times.

Research limitations. 3–6 years children, in the observation group the presence of CVD.

Conclusion. Allele C of the MTHFR C677T rs1801133 gene forms a relative risk (RR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.07–1.79) of imbalance in the expression of sulfur-containing amino acids, impaired expression of allele C of the IL-6 G174C rs1800795 gene (RR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.01–2.59), results in overexpression of CD16⁺CD56⁺, Annexin V underlying the etiopathogenesis of CVD diseases.

Keywords: pathology of the cardiovascular system; MTHFR C677T rs1801133 gene; IL-6 G174C rs1800795 gene; nickel; copper; clusters of cellular differentiation; Annexin V

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies for Public Health Risk Management (Protocol No.2 dated July 17, 2023). Parents or guardians of all children signed voluntary informed consent to participate in the study.

Contribution of the authors:
Dolgikh O.V. — the concept and design of the study, writing a text, editing;
Shirinkina A.S. — the collection and processing of the material, writing a text, editing;
Zaitseva N.V. — the concept and design of the study, writing a text, editing.
All authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment. The study was not sponsored.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.

Received: September 18, 2024 / Accepted: December 11, 2024 / Published: February 28, 2025

Introduction. Unfavourable working conditions combined with an unbalanced diet are risk factors for the formation of metabolic disorders and nutritional-dependent diseases. The nutrition factor is of great importance in maintaining the health of industrial workers. A promising direction in the prevention of diseases caused by malnutrition is the use of modern physiotherapy techniques that simultaneously affect homeostasis systems at various levels.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal physiotherapy unit in the prevention of alimentary-dependent diseases in aviation engineering workers.

Materials and methods. A study of working conditions, the nature of nutrition, and the health status of aviation engineering workers has been conducted. The effectiveness of wellness measures using multimodal physiotherapy equipment, the Alpha Oxy SPASystem capsule, which includes combined effects of heat, general vibration, aromatherapy, and oxygen therapy, was evaluated. The duration of the procedure is 30 minutes, 10 procedures per course. The trend in anthropometric and laboratory parameters were evaluated before and after the end of treatment.

Results. A violation of the structure and composition of average daily diets, consumption of micro- and macro nutrients among workers in aviation engineering has been revealed. An increased risk of developing alimentary-dependent diseases and related disorders of anthropometric and biochemical parameters in the group of workers with an unbalanced diet has been identified. A positive effect of the multimodal physiotherapy system on the anthropometric, biochemical parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the antioxidant system has been obtained.

Research limitations. The limitation of this work is the small group of aviation engineering workers.

Conclusions. The results of the study make it possible to recommend a multimodal physiotherapy system in comprehensive treatment and wellness programs for the prevention of alimentary-dependent diseases in workers of harmful industries.

Compliance with ethical standards. Clinical trials have been approved by the Ethics Committee of the F.F. Federal Scientific Center for Hygiene. Erisman" of Rospotrebnadzor (Protocol No. 6 dated 03/21/2023). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.

Contribution of the authors: Lapko I.V. — writing text, collecting and processing material, statistical analysis; Yatsyna I.V. — concept and design of research, editing; Sukhova A.V. — writing text, collecting and processing material, editing; Preobrazhenskaya E.A. — writing text, working with literature. All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgment. The work was carried out within the funds allocated for the implementation of research work of the state assignment.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare the absence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest in connection with the publication of this article.

Received: November 6, 2024 / Accepted: December 11, 2024 / Published: February 28, 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence in children and adults. The disease characterized by pruritus, recurrent course is associated with other allergic conditions such as food allergies and asthma, forming the concept of “atopic march”. Genetic mutations affect the barrier function of the skin, creating conditions for allergens to penetrate and inflammation to develop. Environmental factors, including air pollution, nutrition, and microbiota, also play a significant role in the etiology and pathogenesis of AD.

Nutrition during infancy and childhood is a key factor influencing growth and development in childhood, contributing to health and disease prevention throughout life. Breastfeeding and the diversity of the mother’s diet may influence the risk of AD in children. The consumption of certain foods during pregnancy and the specifics of complementary feeding may contribute to the development or decrease the risk of allergy in the child. The gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating immune responses and tolerance to food allergens.

Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health and RISC databases were used to create this review article. The article analyzes the literature on the peculiarities of the preventive diet in pregnant women, nursing mothers, and children in families with an aggravated hereditary history of atopic dermatitis. The review emphasizes the need for further research to identify the influence of early life nutrition on the risk of allergic diseases. The article discusses current approaches to the prevention and treatment of AD, including the use of probiotics, dietary diversity, and breastfeeding support as meaningful strategies to reduce the risk of AD and allergic diseases in children.

Contribution of the authors:
Yatsyna I.V. — research concept and design, writing the text, editing;
Astakhova I.V. — collection and processing of material, writing the text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: November 5, 2024 / Accepted: December 11, 2024 / Published: February 28, 2025