ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE WORKING POPULATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Inna Viktorovna Zaikina; Заикина Инна Викторовна; Nataliya Evgen'evna Komleva; Комлева Наталия Евгеньевна; Svyatoslav Igor'evich Mazilov; Мазилов Святослав Игорьевич; Mihail Valer'evich Pozdnyakov; Поздняков Михаил Валерьевич; Vladimir Nikolaevich Dolich; Долич Владимир Николаевич; Svetlana Vladimirovna Rajkova; Райкова Светлана Владимировна

doi:10.17816/humeco634860

ASSESSMENT OF THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE WORKING POPULATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE RISK OF DEVELOPING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Authors: Zaikina I.V.¹, Komleva N.E.¹, Mazilov S.I.¹, Pozdnyakov M.V.¹, Dolich V.N.¹, Rajkova S.V.¹
Affiliations:
1. Saratov Hygiene Medical Research Center of the Federal Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies»
Section: ORIGINAL STUDY ARTICLES
Submitted: 05.08.2024
Accepted: 02.04.2025
Published: 02.06.2025
URL: https://hum-ecol.ru/1728-0869/article/view/634860
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/humeco634860
ID: 634860

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: the assessment of the prevalence of modifiable risk factors, including nutrition, and their control are important for increase of the effectiveness of preventive measures and determining the need for their optimization

AIM: to assess the nutritional status among the working population, taking into account gender and physical activity coefficient.

METHODS: As part of a cross-sectional study, the nutritional status of 1,183 working people was studied. Observation groups were formed: workers (n = 731) and employees (n = 452). Taking into account gender and the coefficient of physical activity, the diet and nature of nutrition, the frequency of consumption of basic foods, the proportion of essential macronutrients in the daily caloric intake, the content of saturated fats, free sugar and fiber were studied. Markers of metabolic status were analyzed. The Statistica 10 software program was used for statistical analysis: the Mann-Whitney and Pearson tests with the construction of four-field tables. The differences at p<0.05 were considered statistically significant

RESULTS: The frequency of consumption of the main products between groups of workers and employees does not have statistically significant differences. The proportion of protein in the diet of men is higher than in the diet of women: 15.1 [13.0; 17.6] and 14.0 [11.6; 16.9], respectively (p<0.001 for the Mann-Whitney U test). The proportion of carbohydrates in the diet of men is lower than in the diet of women: 46.6 [39.1; 52.7] and 48.9 [39.8; 55.2] (p=0.022 for the Mann-Whitney U test); The proportion of fats did not have a statistically significant intergroup difference. Regardless of the physical activity coefficient, the energy value in all observation groups is insufficient.

The prevalence of obesity (p=0.002) and hypertension (p<0.001) prevails among men in the employee group, the number of people with total protein values below the reference (p=0.011), and total cholesterol, atherogenicity index, glucose, and HbA1c above the reference (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Among women, the prevalence of obesity and hypertension is comparable in the groups of workers and employees; in the group of workers, the number of people with total protein values outside the reference values, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides is higher than the reference values (p<0.001 for all comparisons); in the group of employees, the number of people with albumin and HDL cholesterol levels is lower (p<0.001 and=0.011, respectively), and HbA1c is higher (p=0.004) than the reference values.

CONCLUSION:The obtained data on the assessment of the nutritional status of the working population, taking into account gender and physical activity coefficient, as well as the low awareness of the population about the principles of healthy nutrition, should be taken into account when developing preventive measures, corporate programs, educational programs about healthy nutritionaimed at preserving the health, quality of life and professional longevity of workers.

Keywords

Dietary patterns, cardiovascular health, nutritional status, working-age population, social status, gender.

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Funding source. This study was not supported by any external sources of funding.

Patients’ consent. Written consent was obtained from all the study participants before the study screening in according to the study protocol approved by the local ethic committee.

Competing interests. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author contribution. All authors confirm that their authorship meets the international ICMJE criteria (all authors have made a significant contribution to the development of the concept, research and preparation of the article, read and approved the final version before publication): I.V. Zaikina — the concept and design of the study, writing of the text of the article; N.E. Komleva — writing and editing of the text of the article; S.I Mazilov — statistical data processing; M.V. Pozdnyakov — data collection and processing; V.N. Dolich — writing of the text of the article; S.V. Raikova S.V — data collection and processing.

Table 1. Recommended proportions of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the calorie content of manual and intellectual workers, taking into account the physical activity coefficient

Table 2. Energy value and the proportion of essential nutrients in the daily diet, depending on the coefficient of physical activity

Note: p₁ is the level of statistical significance for the Mann-Whitney test between male and female in the group of manual workers; p₂ is the level of statistical significance for the Mann-Whitney test between male and female in the group of intellectual worker; p₃ is the level of statistical significance for the Mann-Whitney test between male manual and intellectual workers; p₄ is the level of statistical significance for The Mann-Whitney test between female manual and intellectual workers.

Table 3. Assessment of the content of saturated fats, free sugar and fiber in the daily diet of the working population

Note: p₁ is the level of statistical significance for the Mann-Whitney test between male and female in the group of manual workers; p2 is the level of statistical significance for the Mann-Whitney test between male and female in the group of intellectual workers; p₃ is the level of statistical significance for the Mann-Whitney test between male manual and of intellectual workers; p4 is the level of statistical significance for the Mann-Whitney test between female manual and of intellectual workers.

Table 4. Comparison of the consumption of saturated fats, free sugar and fibre with physiological norms and their modal values in the daily diet of the working population

Table 5. Analysis of the metabolic status in men and women, taking into account the coefficient of physical activity

Note: LDL – low density lipoproteins; HDL – high density lipoproteins; AH – arterial hypertension

Figure. Distribution of the proportion of individuals by daily intake of saturated fats, free sugar and fiber among male and female