Vol 27, No 2 (2020)

Permanent residence in extreme climatic and geographical conditions provides the stress of adaptation reserves of the whole human body and the work of homeostatic systems in the new conditions. The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of atherosclerosis risk factors and their relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD) in elderly and senile men living in Far North. Methods. An analytical study of the frequency of metabolic risk factors of atherogenesis was conducted among men (n = 505) with verified coronary heart disease (case group, n = 244) and without signs of coronary heart disease (control group, n = 261) 60 years and older, living in Far North, taking into account age and ethnicity. To assess the results of the study, the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals for OR were calculated. Results. High cardiovascular risk was noted in the group of patients with coronary artery disease compared with the group of patients without coronary artery disease (p < 0.001). Patients with coronary artery disease haв higher body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and blood pressure. In the absence of significant differences in the content of total cholesterol, the lipid profile in men with coronary heart disease haв more atherogenic nature (p < 0.001). When ethnicity was taken into account, a relationship was found between smoking, arterial hypertension, central type obesity and an increased risk of coronary heart disease among non-indigenous men (p < 0.001). A more favorable metabolic profile was noted in male indigenous ethnic groups (the Yakuts). Conclusions. A comparative analysis of the risk factors of coronary heart disease revealed high rates of hypertension and obesity in the group of patients with coronary heart disease living in extreme conditions of the Far North, in comparison with the control group without ethnicity, while hypercholesterolemia was more often observed in the Yakut group, and hypertriglyceridemia and smoking in a non-indigenous ethnic group (p < 0.001).

The aim of the study was to identify the characteristics of energy metabolism of the brain according to neuroenergy mapping in patients with hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and occupational sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Methods. 45 patients with HAVS associated with the combined effects of local and general vibration, and 71 patients with SNHL of professional origin were examined. The comparison group was represented by 38 men who were not exposed to the studied factors in their professional activities. The method of neuroenergy mapping was used, based on measuring of constant potential level. Results. Increased values of level of constant potential were observed in 62 % of patients with HAVS, 39 % of patients with SNHL, 31 and 52 % of patients, respectively, had a normal average level of neurometabolism, 7 and 9 % had reduced values of the constant potential level. An increase in metabolic intensity in relation to the average constant potential level in patients with HAVS was determined in the central (p = 0.027), right temporal (p = 0.043) regions. Patients with SNHL demonstrated an increase in bipolar indices in the central lead (Fpz-Cz = -5.0 (-13.1...3.8) mV) (p = 0.003), temporal right (Fpz -Td = -2.1 (-10.9...6.6) mV) (p = 0.014), temporal left (Fpz-Ts = -6.3 (-15.3...1.8) mV) (p = 0.031), occipital (Pz-Oz = -4.2 (-9.4...5.1) mV) (p = 0.022) regions of the brain associated with a decrease in constant potential level in frontal areas. According to the results of a discriminative analysis, the most informative neurometabolic signs in patients with HAVS were the indicators of constant potential level in the central lead (Cz, F = 9.672), in patients with SNHL - in the central parietal (Pz, F = 12.816). Conclusions. Functional disorders of the brain were observed in 69 % of the examined with HAVS and 48 % with SNHL; they were represented by increased energy exchange mainly in the central and temporal sections. Neurometabolic signs peculiar to HAVS were an increase in constant potential level of centralized lead and a decrease in the Td-Ts interhemispheric ratio; for SNHL, an increase in the left parietal, central parietal, and occipital divisions.

The aim is to study the functional status of students of Tuvan State University with different strategies of behavior in conflict situations. Methods. The study involved 208 students of Tuvan nationality. The following methods were used: diagnostics of personality behavior strategy in conflict interaction according to K. Thomas, simple visual-motor reaction, choice behavior, tapping test, "Kraepelin's table". Results. The prevailing type of behavior strategy in conflict among students is the adaptation strategy - it is chosen by 25.6% of the respondents, while a rather large part falls on the strategies of compromise (23.2%) and cooperation (22.0%), the minimum number of students chose an avoidance strategy (12.2%). Evaluation of the average time value of simple visual-motor reaction indicates that the majority (from 64.3 to 66.7%) of students who choose the strategies of avoidance, cooperation and compromise have this indicator below the norm. Among individuals whose reaction time falls within the normal range, the chosen strategies are rivalry (53.8%) and device (47.1%). Inertia of nervous processes was revealed in the students of avoidance group, according to the results of a complex sensorimotor choice behavior. Among Tuvan students, individuals with intermediate and degressive types of working capacity prevail. Conclusion. In general, all Tuvan students are characterized by a weak and medium-weak type of nervous system, a "slightly reduced" functional state of the central nervous system. According to the study results: a group with effective behavioral strategies, characterized by inertia, imbalance and instability of nervous processes according to simple visual-motor reaction, intensity to differentiative inhibition in complex choice behavior and the predominance of a strong type of nervous system; a group with a neutral behavior strategy, characterized by a low speed of sensorimotor reaction, low stability and imbalance of nervous processes, a "slightly reduced" functional state of the central nervous system in terms of the functional level of the system, the stability of the reaction and the level of functionality, steady attention and high mental performance, and a group with ineffective strategies, which is characterized by a higher speed of sensorimotor reactions, stability and balance of excitation and inhibition, intermediate and downstream types of mental capacity.

The aim is to identify gender phenotypic signs of adaptation of the Kazakh and Altai populations to the conditions of Southeast Altai. Tasks: to characterize the morphological indicators of adolescents (13-15 years old) and adults (20-29 years old), depending on nationality and gender; to evaluate the macronutrient analysis of the daily food allowance and the biochemical parameters of blood plasma of adult Kazakhs and Altaians of both sexes. Methods. The study was conducted in the Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic. Length and body weight were assessed in Kazakh and Altai teenagers, and beside that the macronutrient analysis of the daily food allowance, as well as the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, high and low density lipoproteins in the blood plasma were estimated in adults. Results. The adult Kazakh population of Gorny Altai was found to be similar to the native Altai population according to morphological characteristics, type of nutrition, and plasma lipid indices. Compared to Altaians, they have more pronounced manifestations of sexual dimorphism in terms of length and body weight. In the puberty, Kazakh boys are significantly shorter not only their herd mates of a homogeneous population, but also peers from Northern Kazakhstan. Conclusion. The climatic and geographical conditions of the Altai highlands determine the manifestation of the following phenotypic signs in the Kazakh population: hyperstenoid body type, high fat intake, metabolic processes that ensure the stability of blood plasma lipids, more pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism at different stages of ontogenesis.

The aim of the work is to show the ecological, epizootological and epidemiological significance of ixodic ticks in the distribution and circulation of tick-borne pathogens in the south of the Far East. Methods. The material for the study was collected during an expedition conducted in the spring and summer of 2018 on five routes: in the northwestern territories of the Primorsky Territory (Spassky District, Lesozavodsky City District) and in the northern territories (Krasnoarmeysky District). 830 copies of ixodic ticks were collected. 187 samples were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RT). Results. Of the total number of ticks collected, route 1 accounted for 24.7 %, 2 - 17.4 %, 3 - 19.5 %, 4 - 23.0 %, 5 - 14.8 %. It was shown that ticks I. persulcatus (73.1 ± 4.3) - (95.9 ± 1.5) % were the dominant species on all studied routes except route 3. On all routes, tick infection by I. persulcatus was most often observed, in which RNA tick-borne encephalitis virus was detected in 2 cases (1.9 %), DNA B. burgdorferi s. l. - in 40 (37.7 %), DNA B. miyamotoi - in 1 (0.9 %), DNA A. phagocytophilum - in 7 (6.6 %), DNA E. chaffeensis / E. muris-FL - 1 (0.9 %). In ticks of the Haemaphysalis genus, pathogens were detected only in H. japonica: - in 1 pool (1.2 %), DNA of R. heilongjiangensis - in 3 (3.7 %). Besides in 6 pools of ticks I. persulcatus, mixes of genetic markers of DNA of B. burgdorferi s. l. with various pathogens were detected. Conclusions. The data obtained indicate a different degree of infection of ixodic ticks with tick-borne pathogens, which indicates the need for monitoring studies with a wide coverage of all territories in the south of the Far East.