Vol 26, No 8 (2019)

The aim: to study on the experimental model the chronic effect of vaporous ammonia of the maximum permissible concentration for the working area air on the morphofunctional state of female rats. Methods: Rats' primer to ammonia at a dose of 20 mg/m3 was carried out using a modified chamber method for 2 hours per day for 45 days. The morphofunctional state of female rats exposed to ammonia was studied in comparison with a control group of animals in a regular air environment. The experiment included evaluation of erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet blood parameters, level detection of gonadotropins and sex hormones, morphometry of the adrenal glands, genitalia, microtomography of the femoral bones. Results: Ammonia priming of rats was accompanied by an increase in number of red blood cells, white blood cells, an increase in hematocrit, a decrease in volume of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, as well as a decrease in the average content and concentration of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte and an increase in the total platelet concentration with a decrease in their total volume. Animals' inhalation with ammonia led to cardiac and adrenal gland hypertrophy (23.8 % and 41.0 % increase, respectively) and a decrease of the uterus' size by 36 % and mass by 47.0 %. Testosterone increased by 52.8 % and estradiol decreased by 27.5 % and FSH by 11.2 %, respectively. The mineral density of the trabecular and cortical parts of the femoral bones of animals exposed to ammonia was (0.13 ± 0.01) and (1.17 ± 0.01) g / cm3 against (0.27 ± 0.03) and (1, 24 ± 0.01) g / cm3 in the control group, respectively. Number and thickness of trabeculae of the epiphyseal part of the femoral bone decreased to 27.4 % and 22.7 %, respectively. Conclusions: The effect of vaporous ammonia on the organism of female rats was accompanied by negative changes in the state of peripheral blood, in the content of gonadotropins and the ratio of sex hormones, hypoplasia of the genitalia, a decrease in bone mineral density and a rarefaction of the trabecular bone structure.

The aim of the study was to identify the peculiarities of external respiration of schoolchildren aged 11-14 years old, the indigenous people of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra. Methods: To assess the function of external respiration, the hardware-software complex Spiro-Spectrum was used. The obtained results were analyzed using the software Statistica 10.0. The following groups were singled out: 1st - schoolchildren from the indigenous peoples of the North (Khanty), who come to boarding schools for the study period; 2nd - metis of the first generation (one of the parents - Khanty); 3rd - descendants of alien populations. Results: In all groups of schoolchildren, hyperventilation of the lungs was stated at rest. In groups of girls, the excess of the age norm of the minute volume of respiration was not less than 4 l / min, in boys - not less than 6 l / min, the maximum lung ventilation was lower than due values by more than 15 %. Lung ventilation rates in the metis groups were closer to those of the descendants of the alien population. Conclusions: The presence of restrictive disorders and reduction of the limiting capabilities of the respiratory apparatus was not excluded in the studied groups. Features of lung ventilation of metis of both sexual groups, in which only one of the parents is a representative of the Khanty, are mainly inherited from the adaptive types of the second parent with a genetic program specific for their birth regions. Only in metis girls the frontier of the respiratory system reflects its features peculiar to the representatives of the Arctic adaptive type.

This article presents the significance of research on hemispheric asymmetry for assessing the structural and functional parameters of various physiological systems. The authors performed the literature analysis on the functional hemispheric asymmetry (FHA). Special features of the right and left hemispheres according to the evolutionary-genetic approach have been given. Thus, the right hemisphere was phylogenetically attributed to the older one; therefore, the development of its bioelectrical activity was largely determined by the genotype. The left hemisphere was phylogenetically younger and had greater individual variability depending on environmental and social factors. Psychic asymmetry was described, by which we understood the functional inequality of the cerebral hemispheres in the implementation of neuropsychic activity. Concepts of various types and profiles of asymmetry were revealed. A brief overview of the changes was given. FHA changes during ontogenesis were traced: right hemisphere was predominant from birth to 6-7 years; by 10-14 years, the activity of the left hemisphere increased, the functional connections became more rigid, the brain's energy resources turned to the front sections of the left hemisphere; in old age, hemispheric asymmetry was smoothed out. Morphological and functional features of the hemispheres, depending on gender were also presented. Thus, cytoarchitectonic structures of men's brain had a pronounced structural asymmetry, while cytoarchitectonic structures of women's brain were more typical and were characterized by structural symmetry. Experimental-psychological and physiological methods of recording and assessing hemispheric asymmetry were described. A non-invasive method for the analysis of interhemispheric energy-exchange processes according to the distribution of the level of constant potential of the brain, reflecting the transformation of the membrane potentials of neurons, glia and the hemato-toencephalic barrier was presented. The effect of interhemispheric asymmetry on the success of adaptation processes was analyzed. Today, the interaction between the cerebral cortex and the autonomic nervous system remained understudied. Study and evaluation of the structural and functional state of human's physiological functions are recommended to carry out taking into account the type of hemispheric dominance.

The aim of the study was to identify the interconnection between polymorphic genes ACTN3, PPARG, NOS3 and PPARGC1A, associated with endurance and speed-physical skills in athletes practicing martial arts with different duration of the sport experience. Methods: 98 athletes aged from 9 to 20 years practicing martial arts participated in the study. Polymorphisms of four genes: R577X of gene ACTN3, Pro12→Ala of gene PPARG, G894T of gene NОS3, Gly482Ser of gene PPARGC1A were identified by laboratory methods using polymerase chain reaction. The interconnection between the genetic profile and functioning of skeletal muscles, cardiovascular system and lipid metabolism was studied. Results: The athletes were divided into three groups according to sport experience. It was stated that in the group with long sport experience (9 to 12 years) favorable genotypes R/R (0,17, p = 0,001) of gene ACTN3, Ala/Ala (0,17, p = 0,007) of gene PPARG and Gly/Gly (0,14, p = 0,012) of gene PPARGC1A prevailed. Spearman's correlation analysis showed that interconnection between sport experience and genotype of athletes practicing martial arts was positive, but weak in three genes ACTN3 (rs = 0,426), PPARG (rs = 0,280), PPARGC1A (rs = 0,180), and very weak in NOS3 (rs = 0,082) gene. Conclusions: The obtained results reflected the process of sport selection: in athletes with a longer sport experience, favorable genotypes and alleles were detected with a significantly higher frequency than athletes with short sport experience. Presence of favorable genotypes should be considered along with other factors that influence the progress of athletes in sport career.