No 7 (2017)

Those problems of modern people, which are related to their lifestyle in terms of the formation of geographic pathology, are deep and multi-faceted. Organism adaptive reconstruction caused by environmental changes is taking practical significance both for evaluation of functional state of organs and systems as well as for working out scientifically grounded principles of primary prophylaxis of geographical pathology, caused by the influence of natural conditions and anthropogenic factors. In the structure of geographic pathology huge niche belongs to allergic diseases, which are qualified not only as genetically, but also as ecologically determined «civilization diseases». Differentiated approach to studying the prevalence of allergic diseases in the North is considered in terms of the main pathogenic mechanisms: true allergy and pseudo allergy. As an example the results of epidemiologic examination for Evenkia population are presented. Epidemiology of allergic diseases distinctively shows that mankind should not only enlarge the spectrum of new anthropogenic factors and create new so called «blessings of civilization», which negatively influence an organism, contributing to the diseases, but should know the laws of living in consonance with nature, following those laws and not disturb them with mindless and massive persistency. Specific of the allergy mechanisms triggering in extreme ecologic conditions of the North is calling for solutions.

In the first part of the review the historical aspect of scientific fields of age neurophysiology has been provided, age-related features of morphologic and functional development of the brain and their reflection in his bioelectric activity have been considered. It has been shown that the morphological maturation of different brain structures reflected both in the psycho-physiological development of the child and in changes of amplitude-frequency spectrum of electroencephalogram and in the spatio-temporal organization of brain potentials. Literature data describing the developmental of electroencephalogram dynamics in children and adolescents have been presented. Age formation stages of electrogenesis of different areas of the brain, as well as specific changes in intra- and interhemispheric relationships have been shown. In the second part of the review peculiarities of the autonomic nervous system functioning in childhood and adolescence have been discussed; emphasis has been placed on the reactions of the cardiovascular system in patients with different types of vegetative tonus. These studies have demonstrated the changes of central hemodynamic and heart rate variability in adolescents according to age, sex, and living conditions. In addition, the main factors of external and internal environment that could cause the development of neurologic disorders and vegetative dysfunctions in children and adolescents have been considered.

The purpose of this study consisted in the comparative evaluation of the quality of life parameters (QOL) among the female residents of the Arkhangelsk region aged 55-64 years old with different levels of the age self-assessment. The study group (SG) of 104 women reported that they felt at their calendar age (CA) and older. The comparison group (CG) of 252 women - subjectively felt younger than their CA for 5 years or more. For the women surveyed, aging rate (AR) was calculated by the method of V.P. Voitenko (the 3rd version). It was established that the AR indicators in women of the CG were lower than those for women of the SG (p < 0,001). To assess the quality of life, the SF-36v2 questionnaire was used. It was found that all scales and grouped indicators in women in the comparison group were higher than in the study group. The obtained results indicated that the determination of the subjective assessment of wellbeing through a subjectively experienced age (SEA) in women could be an informative indicator of the general state of their health and quality of life as well as an independent important criterion for the prediction of adverse aging risk, the diseases development, as well as the degree of adaptation to the age-related changes.

The aim of the investigation was to clarify the role of experimental simulation and development of methodological approaches in solving issues related to human's chemical security in the conditions of increasing environmental pressing of population. The article deals with issues related to the experimental study of the biological effects on the organism of laboratory animals of nanostructured materials, industrial neurotoxicants, combined effects of biological and chemical factors. When nanosilver was administered to albino rats, encapsulated in a polymer matrix arabinogalactan, the formation of the process of neurons apoptosis in nervous brain tissue was stated, despite the absence of general toxicity in the course of intragastric administration of substance to the white rats (Class 4-ingredient low hazard). It substantiates the need to develop new approaches to assessing the risk of the general biological effects of nanopreparations with high specificity for biological targets, at cellular and subcellular levels. Scientifically grounded methodology for studying and assessing the nature of the combined action of biological and chemical factors in the experiment, based on integrated approach to the response of the organism, taking into account donozological body state. Ander the influence of neurotoxicants in experimental conditions the main points of the implementation of pathological process and factors were revealed which contribute to the formation and progression of toxic encephalopathy. A set of highly sensitive methods for assessing the various links of pathological process in central and peripheral nervous system has been developed and adapted. In general, experimental studies make it possible to manage risks and mechanisms of pathological processes formation under the influence of environmental factors on the human body and significantly increase the efficiency of developed methods of diagnostics, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation.

Birth weight, length and head assessment are important for postnatal confirmation of fetal growth retardation. In Russia, there has so far not been sex-specific, population-based birth weight, length and head circumference percentiles and curves for singleton newborns. The aim of this study was to develop percentiles and curves for live-born newborns born at 28-42 weeks of gestation and compare these to other available data from the literature. Data of the Arkhangelsk County Birth Registry (2012-2014), Russia, were used. In total, we included 42116 live-born newborns by both sex without congenital malformation that could potentially influence on the results of anthropometry at birth. Sex-specific birth weight, length and head circumference percentiles and curves were created between 28 and 42 weeks of gestation. Data on mean and standard deviation for each week of gestation both for male and female newborns are also presented. As we used data from a comprehensive, population-based birth registry, percentiles and curves in our study are representative also for other regions of Russia.