Vol 19, No 12 (2012)

In the contrastive year seasons (the polar day, polar night), there has been carried out a study of the external respiration function in teen-agers (40 youths, 39 girls) living in Murmansk. Increased intensity of work of the apparatus of external respiration in the period of the polar night has been detected, in comparison with the polar day period both in the youths and the girls. Effectiveness of alveolar ventilation has been decreased, and respiration spare capacities have been reduced, especially in the girls.

In 1982-2001 physical load-related diseases contributed 49.4 % to occupational morbidity in Saint-Petersburg. In the study of 553 blue-collar worker jobs, 56.1 % were found to be connected with physical overloads. It makes the problem of health protection of workers occupationally exposed to unfavorable effects, including muscle strain and overstrain, particularly topical. The object of the study was the working conditions assessment in heavy physical load jobs. Working conditions of plasterers, sinkers, mechanical assemblers, assemblers of metal vessel hulls were studied. Working process severity was shown to be the major common factor for all those jobs.

We have studied transformation of smooth muscular tissue (SMT) of the uterus wall of rats after delivery and used the light and electronic microscopy and the immunohistochemical method. The study of different parts of the uterus in the process of involution has shown different levels of SMT structure functional reorganization. It can be explained by different speed of the involutive processes and peculiarities of the loading functions. The complete involution of the myometrium of the rats’ horns was reached in 7 days after delivery. The same process in the cervix took more time, and correlated increased small cells population. We found that disappearance of large cells became the main factor of SMT reconstruction in all the parts of the uterus during the period after the delivery, the large cells were characterized by a low level of adaptation to the changing factors. The mechanism of the cells disappearance and reconstruction of the population structure depended on apoptosis and proliferation of smooth muscular cells.

We have studied the electrophysiological mechanisms of providing optimal manifestation of non-specific characteristics and self-regulation properties of the functional comprehension systems and measuring the length of a sound signal and spatio-temporal parameters reflecting the processes occurring in the action result acceptors. It has been established that various self-regulation properties of the same functional system differed greatly in the links with EEG-rhythms, the peculiarities of the dynamic connection between various parts of the brain and the necessary nonspecific activation of CNS connected with the activating influences of the dominating motivation. It has been shown that with the similar character of dependence of the same self-regulation properties of different functional systems on EEG-rhythms and changes in their spatio-temporal synchronization, they were provided by different levels of the CNS generalized activation.

It is known that use of indirect anticoagulants (IAC) is the main method of treatment and prevention of thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients. Bleeding is the most important and dangerous complication of treatment with indirect anticoagulants. The incidence of bleeding during treatment IAC is 0.9 to 2.7 %, fatal bleeding constitutes 0.07 to 0.7 %, and hemorrhagic strokes account for 2 % of all bleeding. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate quality of therapy with indirect anticoagulants of patients observed in the Northern Branch of the Hematology Research Center (HRC) in Arkhangelsk. According to the results of our study, frequency of hemorrhagic complications (GC) against long-term treatment of NAC was 7.8 % (95 % CI: 7.8 - 9.4) (n = 94), fatal bleeding as a hemorrhagic stroke constituted 0.1 % during 2.5 years of observation. The number of patients who achieved therapeutic hypocoagulation exceeded 60 % (n = 721). Such factors as taking Cordarone (p = 0.019), use of generic coumadin Russia (p = 0.05), ambulatory monitoring of the international normalized ratio (INR) (p = 0.028) as well as dosages of NAC influenced hemorrhage progression statistically significantly, the main factors reflected in bleeding and level of anticoagulation (INR less than 1.6) were the dose of NAC (p = 0.004) as well as control of the INR (p = 0.001). Taking into account the main factors influencing the level of anticoagulation, it is possible to reduce the number of bleeding cases and prediction of NAC doses. This approach will improve commitment to the NAC therapy of different specialists and enhance quality of patients’ life.