Vol 23, No 8 (2016)

The impact of the isolated low-frequency rotating electric field (the REF) and the one combined with animal immobilisation on the "mother-placenta-fetus" system in rats with various prognostic stress resistance was studied. The research showed that on the 10th experiment day stress hormone content in the blood plasma increased in experimental rats compared to the control group; the increase degree was dependant on individual species stress-resistance. Thus, on isolated action of technogeneous rotating electric field the level of 11-oxocorticosteroids increased by 7,8 % (p > 0,05) in "active" female rats and by 71,7 %in "passive" ones. In conditions of action of combined rotating electric field with immobilization of experimental animals the level of corticosteroids increased by 63,8 % (p< 0,05) in stress-resistant rats and by 35,4 % (p < 0,05) in stress-non-resistant rats. The results of the pathomorphological study of the afterbirth and fetuses from the experimental female rats indicated that the REF leads to the structural plasenta changes, hemodynamical disturbances and are accompanied by the late fetus growth and high embrional mortality rate. The most marked functional and structural changes in the afterbirth were seen under the REF combined with animal immobilisation.

Immunological reactivity of northerners is characterized by elevated levels immunosuppression. As a result of ineffectiveness of the suppressor unit onset and growth of CEC concentrations, some immunoglobulins and autoantibodies took place. The physiological importance of human's cell-mediated cytotoxicity is defined in the reactions of immune homeostasis, not only in pathology and vaccination, but in the period of adaptation to changing environmental conditions among residents living in extreme climatic and ecological conditions, special living conditions, particularly in the Polar region. Cell-mediated cytotoxicity provides homeostasis of activation and suppression processes of immune responses in surveyed depending on the concentration ratio of cell activator (CD71+, HLA-DR+), differentiated CD3+ and cytotoxic cells (CD8+, CD16+), age, and professional life conditions. All abovementioned has identified the necessity to assess the physiological role of cytotoxic cells in the mechanism of immune response in healthy persons in the European North of Russia. The results and their comparison with the few published data allow to conside that the cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+, CD16+) determine cell-mediated cytotoxic activity in the immune homeostasis in individuals of polar regions.

The article considers results of empirical research which purpose was to study the future teachers' ecological consciousness in the ascertaining stage of experiment. Analysis of the results was carried out on a number of criteria: motivational, cognitive, and emotional. The orientation of the future teachers on the educational and disciplinary or personal model of interaction with schoolchildren is regarded as the main indicator of ecological consciousness on motivational criterion. An indicator of cognitive criterion is knowledge about student's personality as a biopsychosocial subject and laws of its development. Emotional criterion is studied by identifying the level of empathy and prevailing empathy channels. Standardized psychological techniques meeting the requirements for necessary quality indicators of tests are used for the diagnosis of each of the criteria: for motivational one - test-questionnaire by V.G. Maralova "Diagnosis of teachers' orientation on disciplinary training or personal model of interaction with children"; for cognitive one - test-questionnaire "Studying of I-Concept as justification of the influence on another person" (by A.G. Abramova); for emotional one - technique for diagnosing the level of empathic abilities of V.V. Boyko. Manifestations of ecological consciousness in action (behaviour) of the future teachers are traced by monitoring the system used by students during internship of professional activities and skills that reflect the particular model of the interaction with the students. Two learning groups of junior undergraduates make up the study sample. The obtained results allow to state that 1/3 of surveyed have a low level of environmental compatibility of pedagogical consciousness, half of the respondents - an average one and the remaining part - above average level. The lack of significant differences in the studied parameters between the experimental and control groups was revealed using the Student's t-test and Wilcoxon - Mann - Whitney U-test. Based on the results obtained in the course of ascertaining stage, the conclusion about the necessity of a special work performance to improve the level of future teachers' ecological consciousness development was made.

Aim. To estimate social and somatic statuses, key-indicators of pregnancy, childbirth and condition of neonates in female adolescents living on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region for the period of 20 years. Methods. A comparative assessment of clinical scores of pregnancy and childbirth in women under the age of 18 years, residing in Arkhangelsk region for 1990-1995 and 2011-2014 years was performed on the basis of medical records and questionnaire survey. Results. A decrease of employed adolescents (6.6% currently vs. 42.4 % in the 90s) and the increase of students (61.5 % in 20112014 and 25.8 % in 1990 1995) were found over the past 20 years. Chronic extragenital pathology in minors increased (43.5 % in the 90 years and 65.9 % - in 2011-2014). The complications structure and the incidence of pregnancy and childbirth in adolescents over the past 20 years have been quite comparable. The increase in the IUGR rate (from 6.7 % to 12.6 %) and cesarean section (from 5.5 % to 13.0 %) in young women was stated Conclusions. Pregnant adolescent's social status has been changed to increasing number of students. The rate of comorbidity in minors has grown. There were no significant differences in the frequency and structure of pregnancy and childbirth complications, as well as perinatal outcomes in young women for the period of 20 years.

In this paper we present the main methodological principles of planning and performing case-control studies. We also present the methods of statistical analysis of data obtained in case-control studies. Main advantages and disadvantages, clinical and public health applications of case-control study design are described. We provide practical step-by-step instructions on sample size calculation using "EpiInfoTM" software and free online calculators, calculations and interpretation of adds ratios as well as on calculations of Pearson's chi-squared and McNemar test using examples from real studies. Examples of case-control studies from the literature including one example from the Arkhangelsk region are also presented.