Vol 28, No 11 (2021)

Critical periods of adaptation occur when ecologically determined critical periods, caused by a high intensity of environmental factors, and critical stages of ontogenesis, predetermining a low level of resistance to these factors, coincide. We present a qualitative synthesis of the literature on human disadaptation caused by selected environmental factors through the mechanism of environmentally related oxidative stress (EROS) linked to epigenesis, mutagenesis, and oncogenesis. As an indicator of deleterious effects of exposure to environmental factors during critical periods we considered leukemia, lymphoms, tumors of the central nervous system, embryonic tumors and soft tissue sarcomas among children. We present a method for calculating the critical stages of ontogenesis and their sensitivity to smoke and solar activity time series analysis on the associations between environmental factors and the incidence of neoplasms with estimation of time lag between the exposures and the outcomes. Moreover, we propose a set of measures to reduce the negative impact of the environmental factors during critical periods of human ontogenesis.

Introduction: Eating disorders among Russian students remains an insufficiently studied research area. Aim: To study eating behavior of students and associated factors in a city of Barnaul in Western Siberia. Methods: Altogether, 1 000 students took part in a nutritional status survey. The Dutch Eating Behavior (EB) Questionnaire (DEBQ) was applied. Associations between eating behaviors and gender, education, wealth level, awareness of nutritional issues, marital status, subjective health status assessment, and EB disorders has been studied using Pearson's chi-squared tests. Results: Cluster analysis revealed 4 stereotypes of eating behavior (SEB): rational (SEB 1), predominantly carbohydrate (SEB2), hypercaloric (SEB3), and hypocaloric (SEB4). SEB4 (57.7 %) was the most common, SEB2 (31.8 %) was the second most common. Only 8.7 % of the students had SEB1 while only 1.7 % of the students had SEB3. A higher percentage of individuals with the restrictive EB disorders was revealed in the fourth cluster (SEB4). The probability of adhering to a hypocaloric dietary stereotype in individuals with the restrictive EB disorders was twice as high (Risk = 2.083, x2 = 152.05, df = 1, р< 0.001) as in the other groups. Conclusions: Diet of the students in Barnaul (Western Siberia) is poor in meat, milk, and dairy products. Most of the students had a carbohydrate diet model. Two thirds of the students adhered to a hypocaloric dietary stereotype. The factors associated with the formation of a nutrition stereotype include gender, economic conditions, marital status, self-perceived health and eating disorders.

Aims: To study associations between the incidence of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and socio-hygienic factors in the Primorsy region in the Russian Far East. Methods: Statistical analysis of the data was carried using 14 indicators for the period from 1991 to 2017 years. Associations between the studied socio-hygienic factors and the outcomes were identified using correlation analysis. To reduce the dimensionality in the data, principal component analysis was used, which made it possible to isolate two components that explained 86,82% of the total variance in the original data. The first component characterized the socio-economic, demographic and environmental conditions of human life while the second component contained indicators related to medical-social factors. All data were analyzed using R. Results: Strong inverse associations between the incidence of the studied diseases and the first component. Correlations between the second component and the outcomes was moderate inverse. Based on the selected components, a regression model has been developed to morbidity using the values of significant predictors. An increase in morbidity is accompanied by an increase in population income and a decrease in the population with a decrease in emissions into the atmosphere. At the same time, the incidence positively associated with the number of doctors and negative with the provision of hospital beds. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the incidence of diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs is associated with a group of factors that characterize the quality of life of the population.

Introduction: Copper (II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are used in various spheres of economic activity, which provides an increase in the global production of this nanomaterial and products containing it. The wide distribution of CuO NPs increases the risk of their pollution of environmental objects, which in turn can lead to exposure of the population warranting research on physical and toxic parameters of CuO NPs. Aim: Scientific forecasting of toxicity and evaluation of potential hazard of the biological action of CuO NPs for human health. Methods: Forecasting toxicity and assessment of potential hazard was carried out according to the results of forecasting-analytical modeling complexes of indicators characterizing physico-chemical, molecular biological, cytological, physiological and ecological properties with calculation coefficients of hazard (D) and incompleteness of data evaluation (U) of nanoscale CoO. Particle size was establishment by the method of scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area - by the method of Brunauer, Emmet and Teller, shape and surface character - by the method of image analysis using the universal software ImageJ-FiJi. Results: CuO NPs have an average size of 45,86 nm, angular shape, rough surface with a specific area of 17,70 m2/g. Solubility, charge, adsorption capacity and resistance to aggregation of CuO NPs depend on the pH of the medium. Nanoparticles of the studied material have the ability to generate reactive oxygen species, destroy cell membrane, disrupt functions of cellular ultrastructures, cause disruption of proteomic profile and damage of proteins, DNA fragmentation, which leads to cell death. CuO NPs have the ability to causing pathomorphological changes of tissues of liver, kidney, gastric and lungs. Have such long-term effects of action: genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, carcinogenicity. CuO NPs are used in many areas of economic activity, due to which the volume of production of this nanomaterial increases, which can contribute to the exposure of the human population throughout the country. Based on the results of forecasting modeling the coefficient of potential hazard (D) CuO NPs was 2.163; the coefficient of incompleteness of the assessment (U) - 0.03, which confirms the reliability of the assessment. Conclusions: CuO NPs are highly likely to represent a significant risk for human health. The results warrant more toxicological studies and further research on the effect of CuO NPs depending on the route of intake with the further going aim to develop effective preventive measures for the exposed.