Vol 22, No 12 (2015)

In conditions of ecological trouble, changed quality of food, poor diet, one of the urgent problems of our time is the problem of digestive process disorders. The digestive system contributes significantly to formation and maintenance of functional activity of the immune system; the most significant amount of immune competent cells is concentrated in the intestine, which plays an important role in generation of the entire immune system. The paper has presented the results of a study of influence of diet types on the immune status of the inhabitants of the North. It has been found that prevalence of seafood in the diet stimulated motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract and the mucous barrier protective properties by increasing content of IgA, gastrin-17, SP neurotransmitter in blood. Predominant consumption of seafood influences differentiation and proliferation of lymphocytes with formation of T-helpers 2 type and stimulates antibody formation. This causes activation of the reaginic mechanism and, as a result, enhancement of the gastrointestinal tract mucous barrier function, the increased level of polysaccharides of the mucin type in the epithelial cells. It has been detected that the level of content of the carrier IgG to food antigens depended on frequency of products' use in diets.

The paper has presented data on the study of a relationship of activity of the immune response and the accumulation of a pool of free molecules involved in the processes of cell cooperation, activation of immune cells and their apoptosis in villagers of Revda, the Levozersky District of the Murmansk Region. The study has involved 91 people, 77 women and 14 men aged from 21 to 55 years. In order to study correlation levels of the immune response and a free pool of receptors, the initial values i n the database have been divided into samples with high and low contents of free and membrane-selectin ligand; free protein cell adhesion sCD324; transferrinfree and membrane transferrin receptors; apoptosis protein sAPO-1 / Fas ligand sFasL. In the examined patients, there have been found high concentrations of IgA and IgM, there have been detected signs of retardation of a switch in synthesis from antibodies IgM to IgG. The identified pattern indicates a special role of cellular interaction by way of L-selectin in realization of IgE antibody formation. Accumulation of free L-selectin occurred almost at all stages of the immune response development, as well as during the increase in the content of CEA, due to activation of process reactivity in the mucous barrier. There has not been established influence of free transferrin receptor (sCD71) on the content of the membrane receptor for transferrin (mCD71), transferrin, and immunoglobulins, was probably associated with 2-fold concentration of regulatory T-lymphocytes (SD45RA). Accumulation of the free pool of receptors involved in the reactions of apoptosis of the immune competent cells was manifested by decreased activity of B-lymphocytes apoptosis, thus prolonging the period of antibody formation.

Indicators of programmed cell death (apoptosis) of immunocompetent cells of peripheral blood in the conditions of various level of a leptin at persons with a dislipidemiya are studied. Research was conducted with observance of the main standards of biomedical ethics. For realization of a goal two groups of the examined persons were allocated: with conditionally raised (>25 ng/ml, n = 13) and conditionally lowered (<10 ng/ml, n = 13) the content in blood of a leptin. Groups were almost equivalent on age (52,5 ± 1,4) and (50,7 ± 2,4) years and a sex (woman). Apoptosis of lymphocytes was estimated by method of a flowing laser tsitoflyuorimetriya with use FITC-marked of an anneksin of V ("Beckman Coulter", USA). Determination of concentration of a leptin, cytokin and IgE carried out to blood by method of the solid-phase immunofermental analysis. In dabs of blood painted according to Romanovsky-Gimz studied a monocytogramma and to a neutrogramma. The maintenance of phenotypes of lymphocytes was determined by method of a double peroksidazny tag with use of monoclonal antibodies. Research type retrospective, selections casual, one-stage. Population - inhabitants of the north of the European territory of Russia. Borders of normal distribution of quantitative indices defined by means of Shapiro criterion - Uilka. Reliability of distinctions between groups was estimated by means of parametrical t-criterion of Student and Uilkokson criterion. It is established that at increase of the maintenance of a leptin the differentiation and apoptosis of lymphocytes and neutrophils accrues; intensity of apoptosis and proliferation of monocytes does not change, but processes of their maturing and activization amplify. On this background concentration of IgE and IFN-γ that is also associated with accumulation of a leptin in blood increase.

There has been grounded assessment of mental immunity as a bio-psycho-socio-spiritual defense of identity and a basis of personality and society safety. Its resource characteristics and functional mechanisms have been systematized. With the use of the epidemical model of the acquired mental immunodeficiency syndrome, there has been described its phenomenology according to four blocks of psychogenesis and sociogenesis, biogenesis and animogenesis. There have been separated algorithms of arrangement of systemic and block-module protection of public conscience and public health in the hybrid world identity crisis. There has been grounded the synergetic approach to mental safety providing protection of individual and public conscience. Its main directions and target levels in formation of state-civil identity have been separated. We have proposed integral strategies of mental safety provision based on the synergetic technological platform of non-departmental mental health service. We have grounded a mission of mentality medicine consisting of adaptive conscience and health management as a priority of national security in the era of hybrid wars.

At present, the vanadium biological role as an essential microelement is ambiguously perceived by scientists of biomedical research directions. Despite the known expressed toxicity of vanadium various biological effects of this element when administered to the body are of interest. It is shown that vanadium compounds both cause various negative effects playing a role in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, and provide a sufficiently wide range of physiological functions. Vanadium deficiency leads to dysfunction of vital enzyme systems, such as ATPase, protein, ribonuclease and phosphatase, thyroid function regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, gene of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, protein-activator-1, Interleukin-8, ras, c-raf-1, mitogen-activated protein kinase, p53, nuclear factor kappa B. This indicates vanadium antidiabetic and anticarcinogenic activity. These properties characterize the vanadium as an element of great prospects for the use in dietary supplements and pharmaceutical preparations for the prevention and treatment of socially significant diseases such as diabetes, cancer. This review summarizes the studies of vanadium biological role and its biochemical functions, estimated by its influence on experimental models and human organism.