Vol 22, No 6 (2015)

Specialized medical care to victims of road accidents in St. Petersburg is delivered at 6 level I and 3 level II trauma centers. Annually, each of 6 level I trauma centers gives treatment to about 600 patients, each of 3 level II trauma centers - 10 times less, other hospitals - to about 300 patients. Mortality rate after severe mechanical trauma at the level I trauma centers is about 15%, at the level II trauma centers - about 20% and at other hospitals (not specialized in severe traumas) - 37%. The importance of improvement of the trauma centers financing, the need to deliver patients by mobile resuscitation teams, and other problems have been discussed. The article has shown that St. Petersburg has a better system of medical care of road accident victims than other regions of Russia. The main principles of this system are as follows: early delivery of patients to trauma centers; the need to respect the rules of the "golden hour"; performance of full resuscitation both at the pre-hospital (on the spot and during delivery) and the hospital stage of treatment; the need of examination and treatment of patients regardless of illness severity; opening of anti-shock surgical trauma centers at multi-specialty hospitals providing round-the-clock laboratory, radiation, and endoscopic studies; use of doctors of all specialties; early evaluation of types and severity of injuries according to developed algorithms by using non-invasive, minimally invasive and invasive methods.

There has been conducted a spirographic study of 197 preteen schoolchildren living in the European North conditions. The work's goal was to determine features of functional state of the external respiration system in scoliosis of initial degrees. The study group included 111 children with scoliosis of initial degrees (I - II degrees), and the comparison group included 86 children without scoliosis. At the beginning and the end of the academic year by means of the computer portable spirometer MIR-spirobank, there were determined the values of the vital lung capacity (VLC), forced VLC (FVLC), forced expiratory volume during the first second FVLC (FEV 1), the average volume rate at the level 25-75% FVLC (AVR 25-75) and the peak volume rate (PVR). It has been established that in contrast to the children without scoliosis the children with scoliosis of I - II degrees had a lower annual increase of the values VLC, FVLC, FEV 1, AVR 25-75, PVR, the features of the preteen schoolchildren, what can in future affect their physical development, anatomical and functional progress of many body organs and systems.

There have been given results of a study of state of an endogenous ethanol, acetaldehyde system and metabolizing enzymes in the aboriginals of the North-East of Eurasia in different seasons of the year (winter, summer) depending on psychoemotional stress and adaptation state. It has been shown that the reason of decreased endogenous ethanol content in human blood in winter was synthesis of alcohol degidrogenase isoforms with lower affinity to substrata and its lower concentration. Higher content of studied metabolites in human blood in the conditions of the North in comparison with Central Russia, especially during the summer period has been revealed. A decrease in concentration of endogenous ethanol in blood by 4-5 times has been detected in psychophysiological stressing. A phonetic-biochemical model of differentiation of human populations by groups of phenotypes in connection with occurrence of the active genes coding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADG 2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDG 1) isoforms has been proposed. The fenetiko-biochemical model of differentiation of human populations between groups of phenotypes in connection with occurrence of active genes coding has been proposed. Ethnogenetic features of the populations of the peoples of the North responsible for features of tolerance to alcohol and the tendency of decreasing immunity to alcohol in young generations have been revealed.

We have analyzed relationships between stress-coping behavior styles and subjective well-being of the first year students of the Medical Faculty of the Khanty-Mansiysk State Medical Academy, 57 girls and 22 boys. We did a statistical analysis with Statistica 8.0 for Windows in view of sign normal distribution. The boys had better results according to the sub-scales Physical Functionality (PF), Vitality (VT) and Mental Health (MH). The girls used the sub-style Diversion more often. For the girls, there was a bigger number of statistically significant correlations between the sub-scales of the SF-36 questionnaire and the stress-coping behavior. According to the scales of physical components, there have been found significant correlations in the girls according to the sub-scale General Health (GH), and in the boys - according to the sub-scale Physical Role Functioning (RP). The use of the emotionally focused stress-coping styles in both groups was combined with a decrease in the values of the individual sub-scales of the SF-36 questionnaire. On the contrary, the choice of the problem-oriented and avoidance-oriented coping styles and its sub-styles was combined with their increase.