Vol 24, No 1 (2017)

Literature review is devoted to medical and biological efficiency of health tourism of modern youth, who are characterized by deterioration of health indicators due to the high prevalence of bad habits, lack of knowledge and inexperience in matters of disease prevention, lack of interest in the implementation of health measures and low level of physical activity. The authors describe health tourism as one of the most effective and attractive means of health improvement due to high availability to the youth and fitness of a big part of the territory of the Russian Federation for tourist activities. They consider it as the basis of a healthy lifestyle able to affect on its quality and duration, as well as disease prevention. Healthcare effect of sports and health tourism is greatly enhanced by the fact that they are carried out mainly in the green forest countryside or urban parkland. Physical activity in the conditions of the forest or parkland landscapes provides favorable effect of flora, bioclimate, topography and the picturesque landscape terrain, aimed at disadaptation prevention and improving the general non-specific resistance. Health tourism is similar in its healthcare effect to a sanatorium resort climate landscape therapy, being actually its variation. The health improvement process in both cases is a highly active motor activity, which improves mental performance, the level of the functional state of the cardiovascular, respiratory and muscular systems, forms a harmonious constitution. Physical activity in the forest or parkland offers a man a rare opportunity to approach nature, observe and appreciate its beauty.

This review presents modern data on the biorhythms of cardiac activity in healthy individuals and pathological conditions. The article presents the changes in the indices of the cardiovascular system during the day. There are diurnal patterns in changes of heart rate. As in healthy persons and in patients suffering from arterial hypertension bimodality circadian rhythm of blood pressure was revealed. It is emphasized that circadian fluctuations in blood pressure may be associated with the participation of melatonin in the regulation of this indicator of cardiovascular activity. In healthy people circadian fluctuations of intervals duration and the height of ECG waves have been revealed. The people belonging to a certain chronotype influence diurnal variations of indicators of heart rate variability. The results of seasonal fluctuations of indicators of cardiac activity as well as the analysis of the frequency of disease recurrence in different periods of the year, the seasons and during the day are presented. The article describes research data on the effect of natural abiotic stress factors - geomagnetic disturbances on chronostructure biorhythms of the heart. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate in the voltage amplification of the magnetic field of the Earth have been covered. The statistical data proving connection between the heliogeomagnetic activity and an increase in the number cardiovascular accidents have been presented. Using the basic regularities of chronobiology allows us to predict the risk of developing various diseases, primarily cardiovascular diseases, which are the main reason of mortality in the world.

The research has been done to analyze changes of patients' quality of life at the first stage of rehabilitation after hip replacement. 140 patients undergone total hip replacement were surveyed (73 female and 67 male, average age (57,0 ± 9,0) years old) . The patients were divided into two groups: I group - 52 persons at the age under 55 years old (average age (48,0 ± 4,0) years old); II group - 88 persons at the age of 56 and older (average age (62,0 ± 6,0) years old). Pain intensity according to VAS scale, joint range of motions, limb length, muscle strength were detected as well as indices of quality of life by means of SF-36. The research was done before operation and in 10 days after operation. It has been stated that at the first stage of rehabilitation all the patients had abatement. Life quality improvement according to VT scale, social functioning, mental health and psychological health component was observed in patients of the I group. Life quality deterioration according to VT scale and social functioning was detected in the II group.

It is known that medical birth registries are valuable sources of information on birth defects. They are widely used for their monitoring and control. Currently, the medical birth registries which are established in Murmansk County allow to study the birth prevalence of birth defects and trends in prevalence since 1973, including the period of socio-economic transformations and changes in medical practice caused by introduction of prenatal screening. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of using existing medical birth registries in Murmansk County for the surveillance of birth defects and detecting their risk factors. We found, that medical birth registries in Murmansk County can be successfully used for monitoring and control of the prevalence of birth defects as well as for epidemiological investigations because of full coverage of population and prospective collection of data on both an outcome and a prenatal condition.