Vol 27, No 9 (2020)

Resilience of indigenous ethnic groups to adverse climatic conditions of the Arctic is genetically determined. Moreover, genes determine the ability to metabolize environmental substances. This warrants research on ethnic variations in cytochrome P-450 and VKORC1 genetic polimorphisms with further going aim to develop personalized pharmacotherapy for the indigenous ethnic groups living in the Arctic. The aim was to study the prevalence of genotypes and allelic variants in CYP2C9, CYP2C19, VKORC1 genes in Nenets - an indigenous ethnic group in the Arctic. (n = 32) under conditions of permanent island living. Methods. A total population (n = 32) of the Vaygach island (70°01' N 59°33' E) participated in a cross-sectional study. Peripheral venous blood samples were taken. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood leukocytes using the express method. Results. SS genotype was the most common variant (90.63 %) of the CYP2C9*2 (rs1799853) gene. AA genotype of the CYP2C9*3 (rs1057910) gene was detected in 100 % cases. GG and GA genotypes of the VKORC1 G3730A (rs7294) gene were detected in 56.3 % and 43.7 % of cases, respectively, while no homozygous allelic polymorphism for the pathological allele was found. Conclusions. The study provides the evidence on the prevalence of genotypes and allelic variants in CYP2C9, CYP2C19, VKORC1 genes in Nenets of the Vaygach island. Replication of these results in other Nenets populations is warranted.

Unhealthy diet is associated with high morbidity and mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which in turn are associated with high economic costs. A significant proportion of these costs is attributed to insufficient fresh fruits and vegetables in the diet worldwide with large country-to-country variation warranting research in various settings including Russia. The aim: to assess the economic burden of insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables in Russia in 2016 due to their contribution to the development of major NCDs. Methods: The calculation was made using population attributive risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and cancer from meta-analyses and the data on the prevalence of fruits and vegetables consumption and the abovementioned diseases in the Russian population. The economic costs from the main NCDs were calculated using the human capital method. The share of health care system costs and economic losses due to morbidity and mortality from NCDs associated with fruits and vegetables underconsumption was assessed. Results: The contribution of insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables to the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease and stroke were 5 % each (95 % CI: 3.0-6.2), 5% (95 % CI: 3.7-6.2) and 10 % (95 % CI: 4.9-15.9), respectively. Corresponding proportions for lung cancer was 8.9 % (95 % CI: 3.7-14.4). The economic burden associated with this risk factor, amounted more than 134 billion rubles (95 % CI: 78.8-173.3 billion rubles), 0.16 % of GDP of the Russian Federation in 2016. Indirect losses due to premature mortality (86 %) prevailed in the structure of the economic burden. Conclusions: The high prevalence of fruits and vegetables underconsumption in Russia and its significant contribution to the morbidity and mortality from NCDs are associated with significant economic costs from this risk factor.

The aim of the study was to apply international methodology to study quality of life of the Russian Navy serving in the Arctic with the further going aim of development of health promotion and disease prevention programs. Methods: In total, 250 contract servicemen of the Russian Navy, serving at the White Sea Naval Base took part in a cross-sectional survey. Quality of life was studied using a short version of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Numeric data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test or unpaired Student's t-test depending on data distribution. Results: The overall quality of life score was 100.98 points or 77.68 % of the maximum possible value. The lowest values were registered in area 4 "Social welfare" - 28.93 points (72.33 % of the maximum possible value). Detailed results are presented in the main text. Statistically significant differences were observed between quality of life by sailors and foremen in comparison with junior (t = -3.339, p = 0.001) and senior (U = 1875, p = 0.038) officers, warrant officers in comparison with junior officers (t = -2.785, p = 0.006). The risk factors that negatively affected the health of servicemen included limited opportunities for recovery, dissatisfaction with financial situation and limited access to high-quality medical care. An algorithm for the practical application of the WHO quality of life questionnaire in the development of organizational and managerial measures for the primary prevention of diseases in servicemen in the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation was developed. Conclusions. The study showed the average quality of life of the servicemen at the White Sea Naval Base. The lowest scores were registered for the social well-being domain. The use of the results of measurement and assessment of the quality of life in the development of programs for the prevention of diseases of military personnel in the Arctic territories makes it possible to identify significant socio-medical risk factors, which can serve as a basis for making organizational and managerial decisions aimed at improving the quality of life and preparedness of the Russian Navy in the Arctic territories.

The aim of this work is to analyze the temporal variations in mortality from the main groups of diseases and external causes in the period 2014-2018 in Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Ugra (Western Siberia). Methods. Data on mortality wereobtained from the Medical Information and Analytical Center in Khanty-Mansiysk. To test the hypothesis about cyclic variations in mortality, wavelet analysis was applied. Results. Fluctuations in death rates from infectious diseases, neoplasms, mental disorders, diseases of the nervous system and circulatory system, pathology of the digestive system appeared to have a significant circannual rhythm. For diseases of the endocrine system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal and genitourinary system, circannualpattern of mortality was not observed. Mortality from socially significant diseases demonstrate two-year, annual and intra-annual rhythms. Significant rhythms of mortality from injuries with a six-month (p = 0.012) and near-annual (p = 0.045) periods may have an exogenous nature, while circaseptan activity (p = 0.055) seems to have a social genesis. Fluctuations in mortality from suicide occur in near-annual (p = 0.002) and semi-annual (p = 0.068) rhythms. Temporal variations of road traffic accidents are characterized by insignificant six-month and two-week rhythms. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that mortality in the study areahas various duration and number of periods of rhythms, low-energy rhythmic activity with pronounced inter-seasonal and day-to-day fluctuations in weather factors, a changed photoperiodic regime, and seasonal exacerbations of endemic zoonoses against the background of constant exposure to unmodified risk factors for the development of diseases presented in this paper.