Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)

The aim was to study the distribution of macro-and microelements in the main urban ecosystems of Karelia. Methods. Samples of soil, vegetation, surface water, sediments and biota (fish) were taken. In total, 300 samples were collected. The analysis of the material was carried out using epithermal instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), x-ray spectral analysis (XRF), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) with "cold steam" and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-MS). Concentration of 32 chemical elements in soil, birch leaves, sediments, water and biota (fish) was determined. Results. The distribution of macro- and microelements in soil and vegetation of these main cities of Karelia was determined. Geochemical profiles of distribution of elements in soils and vegetation were constructed. Concentration of heavy and toxic metals in the samples of water and sediments was close to the background values. High concentration of mercury in the muscles of predatory fish was found (CHg = 0.2÷0.3 mcg/kg). Conclusions. The levels of total accumulation of heavy and toxic metals in the soil of Petrozavodsk are classified as hazardous (Zc = 56), and soil pollution in Pitkyaranta, Sortavala and Suoyarvi is considered moderately dangerous (Zc = 15-31). A high degree of correlation between the concentration of elements in the soil and birch leaves was found. The water in lake Ladoga, lake Onega, and lake Suoyarvi in terms of the concentration of the elements presented in the article meets the Russian standards for drinking water.

Metabolic pathways participating in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis play an important role in lymphocytes normal development and functioning. Energetic metabolism has an influence on differentiation, proliferation and fate of lymphocytes. The aim of the study is to define ATP availability of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the level of mitochondrial metabolism regulator sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in healthy northerners. Methods. 106 volunteers, habitants of Arkhangelsk (76 women and 30 men, 21-63 years old) were surveyed. Amounts of immunocompetent cells with receptors (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD16, CD71, CD23, CD25, HLA DR, CD95) were determined by indirect immunoperoxidase method, ATP concentration in lymphocytes by bioluminescent method, and additionally SIRT3 (23 volunteers) by enzyme immunoassay. Two groups were selected using "k-means" cluster analysis which differed statistically significantly in all studied parameters. Results. It was found that 78 % of the surveyed participants were in the group where ATP concentration was 0,95 (0,487) mcmol/106 cells, in other group with 22 % participants it was 3,71 (1,319) mcmol/106 cells, р < 0,0001. Difference in relative amounts of particular cell phenotypes was revealed in the mentioned groups: in the group with lower ATP levels the higher was percentage of CD95+, CD23+ and HLA DR cells. In the group with higher ATP levels the higher was percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD71+ cells and shift of CD10/CD95 and CD4/CD23 ratios was also detected in favor of CD10+ и CD4+ cells with high levels of metabolic activity. Difference of ATP levels was omni-directional with SIRT3, regulator of mitochondrial metabolism, level with concentrations 0,15 (0,039) and 0,39 (0,198) pg/106 cells, р = 0,0097. Conclusion. Intersectionality of ATP availability and reactivity of T cells was identified. It appears to be promising to determine the level of ATP for evaluation of lymphocytes functioning.

The aim was to study the functional state of students in terms of their heart rhythm variability, lability of visual analyzers, physical capabilities and psycho-emotional state at the beginning and at the end of the apprenticeship. Methods: Altogether, 30 students training as turners were enrolled in a cohort and divided into more adapted (group 1) and less adapted (group 2) groups, according to the Eysenck's psychological types of personality and to Strelau's theory. Measurements wereperformed at the beginning and at the end ofthe apprenticeship. Heart rhythm variability, physicalcapabilities, thelability of the visual analyzer, and the psycho-emotional state wereassessed before and after the apprenticeship. Results: Less adapted individuals had more pronounced changes in heart rhythm variability: the decrease in the total spectrum power (SP) to 69,0 % in group 1 and to 84,7 % in group 2; the stress index (SI) at the end of the apprenticeship increased to 19.9 % in group 1 and to 90.9 % in group 2. The humoral-metabolic regulation mechanisms increasedto a greater extentin more adapted students: the relative value of the low-frequency waves power VLF% changed by 92.7 % in group 1 and by 45.0 % in group 2. The critical flicker fusion frequency at the beginning and at the end of the apprenticeship was 44.5 ± 0.6 Hz, 43.4 ± 0.5 Hz (p > 0,05), respectively, and the hand power 44.7 ± 0.4 kg and 45 ± 0.4 kg (p > 0,05). After the apprenticeship, students' state of health according to the SAN scale decreased by 27 % from 5.6 ± 0.3 points to 4.1 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001); their activity decreased from 5.5 ± 0.2 points to 4.2 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001) to 24 %; their mood decreased by 13 % from 5.4 ± 0.1 points to 4.7 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: it is necessary to take into account students' adaptive capabilities when assessing the impact of production factors on the body during theapprenticeship.

The increase in the number of children with mental disabilities in recent years warrants search for new opportunities to improve the effectiveness of care, starting from an early age (EA). Aim. The purpose of this paper was to provide methodological justification and systematization of modern directions of early care (EC) for children belonging to the risk group (RG) for the development of mental disorders. Methods. The methodological basis of the work was a comprehensive analysis of the Orders of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation in recent years on the organization of psycho-neurological care for children, modern medical and social approaches and recommendations for psychological and pedagogical support when working with families raising children with mental disabilities and specialists of preschool institutions. Results. The main approaches to creating a unified EC system in Russia are presented. The most popular destinations of the effectiveness of integrated EC to children with mental disorders are analyzed with interdisciplinary approaches of mental ecology: preparation of recommendations on optimization and improving the efficiency of the medico-psychological-pedagogical aid to EA children; systematization of the main symptoms and syndromes characteristic for EA children and particularly important for pediatricians and pediatric neurologists; search for differential diagnostic criteria; development and evaluation of the effectiveness of available screening and instrumental methods for diagnosing abnormalities in EA children; introduction of methodological approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of children with autism spectrum disorders; evaluation of the effectiveness of the EC system based on determining the quality of life of the family; training of specialists in providing EC to children with mental disabilities with justification of the main its directions with active interdepartmental interaction. Conclusions. At present, there are no unified approaches, norms and standards for organizing EC and coordinating the activities of organizations in different regions. The necessity of creating a system of EC providing to children with disabilities, including EA children from RG for mental disorders is justified. A search for ways to diagnose developmental disorders and provide EC is proposed, taking into account the assessment of factors and resources of children's mental health within the framework of interdisciplinary approaches to mental ecology.