Vol 20, No 1 (2013)

It has been shown that an important factor in the formation of high adaptive resistance of newly arrived inhabitants of the North to psycho-emotional stress, which characterizes the level of climatic and geographic stress in the polar regions, is the mechanism of helio-geophysical imprinting of human adaptive response to action of biologically significant weather and geophysical disturbances. The helio-geophysical type of adaptive response provides higher adaptive reserves of the human body and determines its suitability for living and working in the regions with extreme climatic and geophysical conditions.

A comparative analysis of the international legal acts for protection of patients’ rights from the period of the system’s formation (mid-20th century) until the present time has been presented in the article. Characteristics of international and the European declarations, charters, guidelines that served the regulatory basis for the development of national legislations for patients’ rights have been given.

Separation of a new science discipline has been grounded - mental medicine the methodological base of which is synergetics - an interdisciplinary science about development and self-organization. Mental medicine has conceptually-methodologically and technologically united the prenosological field of mental health and the nosological field of mental illnesses. It allowed to integrate successively and systematically the medical-rehabilitation strategies of nosocentric clinical psychiatry and preventive-correctional methods of healthcentric mental preventology. Mental medicine is a science studying etiopathogenesis and diagnostics, clinical picture and treatment of mental disorders, biopsychosocial resources of personality and society development, strategies and mechanisms of adaptation and professiogenesis based on the united synergetic methodology. This formulation includes a classical definition of psychiatry and all modalities separated in the WHO characteristics of mental health, which are priorities of mental preventology.

There have been considered the main tendencies of chemical poisonings in children and adolescents of the City of Arkhangelsk according to sex, age, kind of toxic agents. All the sex-age characteristics of the reasons and circumstances of poisonings have been analyzed: the boys were mostly exposed to voluntary poisonings with alcohol and its substitutes, the girls — to accidental poisonings (mainly with medicaments). The main ways of prevention of acute poisonings among children and adolescents in the region have been proposed.

The structure of traumatism and damages in 441 victims of river shipwrecks in 1983-2012 has been studied. The main types of damages in 172 rescuees in the river shipwrecks were light supercoolings (65.1 %), isolated, multiple and concomitant mechanical traumas (23.8 %), combined mechanical-cold traumas (7.6 %), combined mechanical-burn damages (3.5 %). Among 269 victims, the reasons of the lethal outcomes were drowning (68.4 %), mechanical damages (17.1 %), combined mechanical-cold traumas (10.4 %), combined mechanical-burn traumas (4.1 %). In the structure of the mechanical damages, combined two-factor mechanical-cold and mechanical-burn traumas among the rescued persons, there dominated light mechanical traumas and light cold traumas (29.3 %), and serious mechanical traumas (23.1 %) dominated among the victims.