Vol 19, No 7 (2012)

In the study, there have been examined the mechanisms of external respiration changes in 20 healthy young men living in Western Siberia during an autumn and winter air temperature fall. Spirography and measuring of the lung volumes were performed in a warm room and after a 30 minutes stay in the open air in natural conditions, when the air temperature was from 0 ° to -30 °C at different times. It has been discovered that under the inspiratory air temperature fall, the tidal volumes also decreased. That raised dilution of the inspiratory air in warm alveolar gas and stabilized temperature in the lungs respiratory regions. At the same time, a decrease in the tidal volume led to a decrease in minute ventilation and alveolar oxygen partial pressure in the alveoli. The latter was compensated by an increase in the lung respiratory regions airiness, which increased ventilation efficiency and the lung diffusion capacity. Therefore, the homeostatic respiratory function and thermoregulation were coordinated.

Population health is determined by the compound action of a diversity of medico-social factors. With the application of a risk assessment methodology in this work, influence of food on health of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area’s (YNAA) population was evaluated in 2006-2008 taking into account negative effects of chemical substances contained in the food. The risk level concerning non-carcinogenic effects caused by the exposure to such substances was unacceptably high. The aggregate hazard indices (for critical target organs) calculated on the basis of the median and the 90th percentile were larger than 1. The YNAA population has a high risk of exposure to such pathological non-carcinogenic effects in consumption of vegetables and fruits, berries, juices, bread and bakery foods, sugar and confectionery, meat and meat products. “Target organs (systems)” were blood, the gastrointestinal tract, the immune, hormone- and cardiovascular systems. Basic substances which influenced negatively human health were arsenic, T2-toxin and nitrates. The risk level of cancer development was also characterized as unacceptable for the population. Most of the carcinogens entered the organism with such products as vegetables, fruits, berries and juices, fish and sea foods. The greatest contribution to the aggregate carcinogenic risk was made by arsenic, which was mainly contained in the group “fish and sea foods”.

Analysis of the standards implementation for teenagers with Gastric ulcer (ICD-10 Version: 2010) treated in a day care unit has revealed that frequency of diagnostic tests provided was out of standards in 88,8 % of cases. Both excess and lack or absence of diagnostic procedures were reported. Abdominal Ultrasound, Fecal Occult Blood Test, Platelet Count, Bilirubin Blood Test, Liver Transaminases, Pancreatic Enzymes were among tests that exceeded the standards of care. pH measurement, Gastric Intubation, X-ray, Immunology laboratory tests, Blood Group Test ABO and Rhesus (D) test were lacked or absent. The standard approved makes no provision for medication dosage calculation based on body weight in kg. This has to be considered when teenagers and children are treated. This standard can be applied for teenagers with Gastric ulcer treated in a day care unit. It is essential to make separate patient models for children and adults to improve quality of medical care and to exclude unregulated drug administration.

The study retrospectively investigated the percolation characteristics of the perinatal period and during the first year of study at school - especially physical development of 919 first-formers from 17 schools in the city of Kirov. It has been established that the perinatal period pathology exerted different influence on the components of physical development of the children. Late preeclampsia in the history had no effect on anthropometric indices at birth and at the age 1 year, but reduced them at the age 7-8 years. Anemia and placental insufficiency in anamnesis influenced the anthropometric parameters at birth, but was not manifested at the age 1 year and 7-8 years. The value of the circumference of the chest and the Rohrer index, the value of vital capacity, speed of growth processes and harmonious physical development were most vulnerable to the pathologies of the perinatal period and continued up to the age 7-8 years. Among the studied pathologies, late gestosis (reduced anthropometric parameters and affects on the cardiovascular system) and fetoplacental insufficiency (reduced rate of growth processes and harmonious physical development) exerted the most negative influence at the age 7-8 years.

A geographical analysis of oncologic morbidity in the Russian Far East has detected only small territorial differences of levels of manifestation both of general oncologic morbidity and its separate localizations. It is supposed that genetic predisposition of the Russian Far East population to oncologic morbidity is the reason of the current onco-epidemiological situation.