Vol 19, No 2 (2012)

On the territory of the Arkhangelsk region, many factors of negative impact on human health have been established. One of them was quality of consumed drinking water. In the water sources used for centralized water supply of some cities and district centers of the region, stable strontium is widely spread. Being a biologically active element, strontium influences human bone tissue. The relation of calcium to strontium in maintained waters can be considered as a sign of ecological trouble on the territory and can determine potential possibilities of manifestation of Kashin-Bek disease.

On the basis of a dynamic analysis of functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, it has been revealed that floorball training helped to improve functional reserves of schoolchildren as was evidenced by the higher rates of spirometry, their growth was bigger by the end of the school year and their physical performance increased during the dynamic studies. In the children with traditional forms of physical activity, the index of physical performance was progressively dynamic, but did not reach normal values.

The purpose was to study features of distribution, dynamics of the usual and standardised indicators of oncological morbidity rate of the population of the Fergana Valley, to compare them with the data of the Republic Uzbekistan taking into account influence of climategeographical, industrial and nonindustrial factors of cancerogenesis. Initial material for the research was the data of the Uzbekistan State Statistical Committee and the organizational-methodical departments of the Andizhan, Namangan, Fergana and Tashkent regional oncological clinics from 1996 to 2007. In 1996, the standardised indicator of cancer morbidity of the male population of the Fergana Valley was 117.02 (female - 109.1). There is observed increased prevalence of a number of cancer nozological entities, in particular in the oil production regions - the mammary gland and esophagus cancer, in the cities with developed heavy engineering - the kidney and brain cancer.

The article presents an overview of the existing publications and the author’s several studies focusing on the need in strengthening HIV prevention in Russia. Based on the official data, the author attempted to provide an analysis of three stages of the Russian HIV epidemy (1987-2010) in terms of incidence levels, predominant transmission routes, involvement of various populations in the epidemy and prevention activities. The author describes social prevention projects implemented by AIDS Centres in 73 administrative territories across Russia in 2008-2009. There is a clear absence of unified approaches, with primary prevention focused on the general population and multiple projects targeting specific vulnerable groups such as IDUs, prisoners, migrants and SWs. The key partners in the projects were NGOs and international organizations. Most prevention projects were aimed at awareness-raising and information work. Long-term monitoring of prevention effect was problematic due to short lifespan of most projects. The vast experience of working with target groups is combined with the positive attitude to social surveys. Financial shortages are the key factor restricting prevention activities. The final section of the article contains discussion of highly active combined prevention which incorporates behavioural, structural and biomedical interventions as well as HAART. This approach, promoted as a standard by the international community, should be incorporated in the Russian concept of HIV prevention.

19-20 декабря 2011 года в г. Санкт-Петербурге состоялась научная сессия Северо-Западного отделения РАМН «Когнитивные нарушения: фундаментальные и прикладные аспекты», в рамках сессии прошла V научная конференция «Психиатрия и наркология в XXI веке». Проблема когнитивных нарушений признается в настоящее время одной из наиболее актуальных и значимых с медико-социальной точки зрения. Когнитивные нарушения объединяют расстройство основных мозговых функций: гнозиса, мышления, памяти, внимания, речи и праксиса.