Vol 25, No 1 (2018)

In an experiment performed on white laboratory rats males with an initial age of 4 months, the dynamics of the mitotic activity of the epithelial cells of the jejunum mucosa crypts after 5, 7 and 10 months of exposure of an electromagnetic field impulses with a density of induced currents of 0.37; 0.7; 0.8; 2.7 kA/m2 and pulse frequency of 50, 100 and 500 per week regardless of their fractionality was considered. The purpose of the study of individual cellular responses is not only to identify the most sensitive components of the system, but also to determine the target organs in order to increase the effectiveness of protective measures for the environmental safety of humans from electromagnetic damage. Having analyzed the obtained data, it should be noted that in the conditions of application of electromagnetic field impulses influence in the studied parameters, sensitivity of undifferentiated epitheliocytes of crypts was found and the multidirectional effect which depended on frequency and density of the induced currents was observed, and their increase in the damage to the jejunum mucosa epithelium amplified due to decrease in mitotic activity, with increase in coefficient of affection in chronodynamics, for a number of parameters, experimentally confirming belonging of impulses of the electromagnetic field to bioeffective ecological factors.

Population process in dynamic development ongoing in Murmansk Region (located beyond the Arctic Circle on the territory of the European part of the Russian Federation Arctic zone in the period 2001-2015 has been characterized in the paper. Major features of natural population movement (fertility, mortality) including labor potential have been esteemed. A major loss of labor potential was due to population decline (22,4 %), despite positive increase in 1.38 times of the total fertility rate and life expectancy among men up to 64,0 years, women - 75,7 years. It is shown that mortality increase was registered in the region among males of working age from disease that could be connected not only with Arctic climate and geographic conditions but also with labor conditions on industrial complex production of Kola Arctic Circle. The rate of diseases of respiratory and circulatory systems as well as malignant neoplasms increased in monotowns in Murmansk Region. 93 % of population is urban, which is a source of labor for city forming enterprise. Proportion of people working in harmful exposure in the industrial complex enterprises was: men- 68,0 %, women - 36,8 %, including enterprises engaged in the extraction of commercial minerals: men - 78,7, women - 50,0 %.

Health state study of employees undergoing physical overloads and functional overstrain of upper extremity muscles is still an area of current concern. Findings on treatment of myofibrosis patients are given. Myofibrosis is one of the most prevalent diseases of upper extremities seen actually in all branches of industry, construction and agriculture. An upper extremity muscle disease can be found both, as a separate disease, and combined with other occupational diseases of musculoskeletal and peripheral nervous systems. Major unfavourable effects of working conditions resulting in myofibrosis development are static-and-dynamic load on upper extremity muscles, and awkward, upright working posture. A group of employees exposed to unfavourable working conditions connected with heavy arm load, and local vibration was studied. Low-intensity laser radiation treatment was carried out among 36 plasterers and 33 underground miners suffering from first or second stage myofibrosis. Diffused red range laser radiation was applied to brachioradial muscle. Peripheral circulation in hands, arm muscle strength and muscle state were assessed. Effectiveness of the method is shown. The suggested patented method can be used for occupational myofibrosis treatment.

The data analysis presented in the studies of leading Russian and foreign centers on physico-chemical, molecular and biological, cytological and toxicological characteristics of nanosized powder blue has been done. Generalization of the information received and evaluation of potentially hazardous substances has shown that nanodispersed powder blue has a high degree of potential danger to human health. Powder blue nanoparticles have a size in the range of 41.2-77.9 nm, preferably of spherical shape, are hydrophobical, potentially high reactive. They have the ability to intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species causing the oxidative stress (particularly oxidative damage to proteins and indirect damage to DNA). They are able to DNA direct damage, having a dose and time-dependent character. They interact with the cell membrane, causing it damage (cytotoxicity), as evidenced by the decrease in mitochondrial activity, LDH release from cells, and fall of cells viability. A significant induction of chromosome aberrations is typical for powder blue nanoparticles. They cause a disturbance in proteomic and metabolomic profile, increase antioxidant enzyme of gene expression of HO-1, the production of cytokines MCP-1 and IL-8. They have possibly carcinogenic activity to humans, due to an increase in the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species formation, signaling cascades, damage to macromolecules - proteins and DNA.

The goal was to study the liver structural features of Wistar -rat-male-adolescents under sudacute influence of cadmium sulphate. The study was carried out by means of optical microscopy (Axio Scope.Al, С. Zeiss) and submicroscopy (JEM 100-S и JEM 1400) taking into account the classic liver lobule which is the liver tissular model with the arterial-venous gradient coinciding with a cell turnover vector. To assess the significancy of tissular and ultrastructural stereological differences between the groups the nonparametric Mann-Whitney method was used. The lobular topographical features of alterative and regenerative reactions of adolescents were revealed on tissular and cell levels. Hepatocyte destruction is associated with single lymphocytes and macrophages, moving from the expanded perivenular sinusoids. The tissular stereological analysis indicated the synchronous growth of space density of parenchymatous liver compartment and liver sinusoids of rats with toxic influence compared to the control group. According to the stereological analysis of hepatocytes ultrastructural organization a progressive space density decrease of the biosynthetic organelles - of granular cytoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was revealed. We observed reduction of cytoplasmic reticulum profiles with preservation of its perinuclear compartments and ultrastructural equivalents of "stress" - the folds of osmiophylic membranes in giant vacuoles. A certain balance between alterative processes of toxic genesis and compensatory processes in the liver parenchyma of male-adolescents Wistar was revealed.

Vitamin D deficit is a worldwide recognized health problem due to its role in pathogenesis and progression of different diseases. We take special interest in the study of vitamin D supply of different age group population living in the Arctic and subarctic regions where the risk of vitamin D deficit due to the low insolation level is becoming higher because of extreme climatic and geographic factors. Objective: to estimate vitamin D supply among the population of Arkhangelsk city in different age groups. Methods: 25-OH vitamin D blood serum concentration was estimated in a cross-sectional (instant) uncontrolled study carried out among the citizens of both sexes in Arkhangelsk city during spring-autumn period between 2013 and 2014, winter season 2016. Moderate deficit (deficiency) was estimated at the level of 25 (OH) D within the range of 20-30 ng/ml, deficit and severe deficit within the range of 10-19 ng/ ml and less than 10 ng/ml respectively. Results: newborns (n = 55), their mothers (n = 55), children under the age of 3 (n = 155), schoolchildren at the age of 6 and 7 (n = 80), adolescents between the age of 13 and 15 (n = 367), university students between the age of 18 and 22 (n = 260), adults between the age of 24 and 60 (n = 85) were included in the study. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 26, 27, 25, 20, 19, 32 and 41 % people respectively. Deficit was found in 36, 33, 23, 49, 66, 40, and 29 people respectively. Severe deficit was found in 31, 5, 8, 22, 14, 8, and 4 % people studied respectively. Conclusion: high frequency of vitamin D deficit of various degree was revealed in all age group populations living in Arkhangelsk city. Study results indicate the necessity of developing and implementing target regional and all-Russian prevention programmes as well as early diagnosis and correction of vitamin D deficit and deficit-related disorders in the Russian Federation.