Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)

The relevance of congenital malformations (CM) study is due to this pathology increase in the structure of causes of infant mortality, child morbidity and disability, CM cases increase in children both in Russia and in the world. The analysis of frequency and structure of brain congenital malformations in children, depending on technogenic radiation pollution of the Bryansk region living areas has been given in the article. The aim of this work was to study the generalization peculiarities of brain congenital malformations in different groups of children on the basis of regional CM monitoring in the Bryansk region depending on the anthropogenic pollution degree in the living areas by using the computer register. The study basis was data on the brain congenital malformations prevalence among newborns of Bryansk Region according to the official statistical reporting for the period 1999-2014. The study result did not stated statistically significant exceedence of the average values of the CM indicators in children from more radiation-contaminated South-Western territories in comparison with the same data of unpolluted areas. However, the maximum value of the average numbers of anencephaly, microcephaly and encephalocele were registered in the most contaminated districts of the region.

Psychosocial technology is a set of interrelated actions to provide social support and primary psychological assistance aimed at increasing the value of family and motherhood in the minds of pregnant women, promotional moral education of future mothers, and promotion of mental and physical health. The purpose of the psychosocial approach is to maintain a balance between the intersystem relations influence on the life and inner mental life of a person. The paper presents test results of psychological state correction of pregnant women group, during training at the university using psychosocial technology. To study the psychological characteristics of pregnant women and assess the effectiveness of remedial work techniques aimed at studying of women's psychological and emotional state and their experiences of pregnancy style were used. Primary diagnosis of pregnant women according to the methods of research, allowed us to determine the following: 50 % of women did not plan their pregnancy in the period of study; in 70 % pregnancy was unexpected or unplanned; 35 % of pregnant women were planning to terminate a pregnancy; 25 % of parents were against their daughter's pregnancy; 59 % did not have the skills of care for the baby; 25 % planned to take delivery after a sabbatical, and later continue their education at the university; 17 % were married or cohabited with her husband - student. The follow-up study was carried out at the end of rehabilitative training with pregnant women. It has been found that the use of psychosocial technology in work with a pregnant woman led to stabilization of the general emotional background and allowed to focus on the child-bearing and prepare for childbirth productively. Visiting remedial classes, pregnant women received psychosocial support, understanding and additional knowledge.

Vitamin D deficit is a worldwide recognized health problem due to its role in pathogenesis and progression of different diseases. The study of provision different age-group populations living in the Arctic and subarctic regions with vitamin D is of special interest because the risk of vitamin D deficit is stipulated by low insolation level is worsen by extreme climatic and geographic factors. Objective: to estimate provision of Arkhangelsk city age-group populations with vitamin D. Methods: 25-OH vitamin D blood serum concentration was estimated in a cross-sectional (instant) uncontrolled study carried out among Arkhangelsk city citizens of both sexes in during spring-autumn period between 2013 and 2014. Moderate deficit (deficiency) was estimated at the level of 25 (OH) D within the range of 20 - 30 ng/ml, deficit within the range of 10 - 19 ng/ml and severe deficit less than 10 ng/ml respectively. Results: children under the age of 3 (n = 155), schoolchildren at the age of 6 - 7 (n = 80), adolescents at the age of 13 - 15 (n = 367), university students at the age of 18 - 22 (n = 260), adults at the age of 24 - 60 (n = 85) were included in the study. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 38 (25 %), 16 (20 %), 71 (19 %), 36 (32 %) and 35 (41 %) people. Deficit was found in 35 (23 %), 39 (49 %), 249 (66 %), 103 (40 %) and 25 (29 %) people and severe deficit was found in 12 (8 %), 18 (22 %), 52 (14 %), 22 (8 %) and 3 (4 %) of people. Conclusion: high frequency of vitamin D deficit of various intensity was revealed in all age-group populations living in Arkhangelsk city. Study results indicate the necessity to develop and implement target regional and all-Russian prevention programmes as well as early diagnosis and correction of vitamin D deficit and deficit-related disorders in the Russian Federation.

The aim of the study was to reveal peculiarities of immune reactivity in adults nonresidents of Khanty-Mansiysk (Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area) suffering from metabolic syndrome. 126 adult nonresidents of the city were surveyed: 72 patients with a metabolic syndrome (MS) and 54 without MS (control group). Average age of surveyed was 40,5 ± 4,2 years old. Indices of humoral and cellular components of immune system were revealed. As a result, patients with MS had statistically significant excess of indices both humoral (circulating immune complexes large, С-reactive protein - р < 0,001, complement component C4 - р = 0,002) and cellular (suppressor cell, T-NK lymphocytes - р < 0,001) components of immune system in comparison with the control group. Excess of suppressor cell (88,9 % patients with MS, 72,2 % without MS) and T-NK lymphocytes (54,2 % patients with MS, 24,1 % without MS) concentration was revealed in large majority of the surveyed. As can be seen from above changes were registered in humoral and cellular components of immune system of surveyed persons which indicated tension of the immune system functioning in conditions of the Northern region.