Vol 25, No 11 (2018)

Introduction. Injuries represent one of the major challenges of modern public health being the third main killer in the European region according to WHO. In this paper we present the incidence of child injuries in the South Kazakhstan region (SKR) in 2012-2016. Methods. We calculated average gender-specific incidence rates of child injuries (0-17 years) for the abovementioned time period for all administrative-territorial units of the SKR using the absolute data obtained from the official statistics. In addition we calculated trends for each administrative-territorial units using linear regression. Regression coefficients with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Stata software. Results. Districts with the highest incidence of child injuries (per 1 000) were identified: Ordabasinsky (3 267.6), Baidibeksky (3 192.4), Kazygurtsky (3 069.0), Otyrarsky (2 993.6) and Suzaksky (2 826.2). The most favorable situation in the region was found in Shymkent city (969.3 per 1 000). Decreasing trend of child injuries in both genders was observed only in Tolebiysky district with the average reduction of incidence to 195.3 per 1 000 child population. Conclusions. Extremely high incidence rates of child injuries were observed in South Kazakhstan region. Moreover, the situation does not seem to improve over time except one district. Urgent public health measures are needed on both individual and population level to improve the situation.

The main objective of the observational, analytical, one-stage (cross-sectional) study was to determine the prevalence of reproductive disorders depending on who of the grandparents had been exposed to radiation (grandmother, grandfather or both). Methods. On the basis of the results of clinical and paraclinic data, a multistage mathematical analysis was carried out which allowed to trace the influence of radiation factor on the reproductive health of descendants. The main group included 67 women of the second generation of descendants, who were divided into three subgroups according to the criteria of radiation exposure: on grandfather (17 people); on grandmother (28) and on the both (22). The control group included the descendants of people living outside the zone of Semipalatinsk Test Site radiation track (53 women). Results. On the basis of mathematic modelling it was shown, that by maternal inheritance or inheritance from both grandparents, descendants of second generation showed the increase in frequency of menstrual disorders (F = 4.761; р = 0.01), fertility reduction (F = 7.155; р = 0.001), increase of high-risk pregnancy (F = 13.705; р = 0.001), premature birth (F = 5.350; р = 0.01), low birth weight (F = 6.221; р = 0.001). inclusions. Matriliny and patriliny allows one to predict the deterioration of reproductive health in the next (third) generation of offspring.

Aim - to assess the level of mercury accumulation in the tissues of fish caught in the Volga River and to study the features of this accumulation by some fish species. Methods. Freshwater fish was caught throughout the Volga River, in the areas characterized by various degrees of industrial development and the presence of natural sources of mercury. In the course of the study, tissue samples of the main commercial fish species (about 400 samples in total) were selected. The analysis of the selected material was carried out by means of the atomic absorption method with "cold steam". Results. Average concentration of mercury in the muscles of the main commercial fish species was between 11-260 ppb. The highest value of mercury concentration was typical for carp, wild carp, pike, perch, sturgeon and catfish, the lowest - for ruff and crawfish. Conclusions. The maximum allowable concentration of mercury for all fish species was not exceeded. The study of mercury accumulation in fish roe showed that the concentration of this metal was minimal (8.6 ppb) and did not depend on the concentration of mercury in the fish muscles. The diagrams of mercury concentration distribution in the muscles of roach, bream, pike-perch, pike and perch depending on the fishing area showed that the maximum concentration of mercury in the muscles of fish was typical for the Rybinsk reservoir, and the minimum - for the Upper Volga. The study of mercury accumulation dependence in perch, bream and pike muscles from fish weight stated a direct proportion of mercury concentration for perch - correlation coefficient r = 0.881, p = 0.018 and inverse proportion for pike -r = -0.653, p = 0.029, for bream - the dependence of mercury concentration in muscle from fish weight was not detected.

The processes of leukocytes' migration to the psoriatic papule are important mechanisms in the development of immune reactive changes. The research relevance is determined by search for clinically significant targets for anti-inflammatory therapy (for ex. adhesion molecules). The aim of the study was to investigate the role of adhesion molecules in the mechanisms of blood leukocytes migration to papule capillaries in patients with psoriasis. Methods: Clinical immunological examination of 82 patients suffering from psoriasis vulgaris and exudative and 50 practically healthy people (a control group) was carried out. The content of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes was determined on the smears of venous blood and blood obtained as a phenomenon of pinpoint bleeding of the psoriatic triad localized on forearm. Their morphological differentiation was performed. The number of neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes of venous blood containing molecules of L-selectin (CD62L), LFA-1 (CD11a), LFA-3 (CD58), ICAM-1 (CD54), PECAM-1- (CD31) was determined on a flow cytometer FC-500, BeckmanCoulter (USA). Results: It was stated that the capillary blood of psoriatic papules was characterized by a lower content of neutrophils with a predominance of 2-segmental forms; the content of monocytes was 3 times higher than the level of venous blood due to an increase in the level of polymorphonuclear forms; as well as an increase in the number of large lymphocytes. At the stage of "rolling" an increasing tendency to the concentration of neutrophils carrying the l-selectin molecule were observed in patients with psoriasis. A decrease in the expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-3 molecules on neutrophils involved in the "stabile adhesion" stage was revealed. A statistically significant decrease in the concentration of PECAM-1 molecule on neutrophils was stated at the "transmigration" stage. Conclusions: The mechanisms of adhesion molecule expression in different leukocyte populations differ, which ensures accurate adjustment of migration through the endothelium. These reactions lead to the progression of immune inflammation, each stage of which has its own markers, such as cellular adhesion molecules.

The article presents basic algorithms of R software using for continuous data analysis. The basic algorithms for comparing quantitative data of one, two and three or more independent and related samples using parametric and non-parametric criteria are presented.