Vol 19, No 1 (2012)

Literary information on the ecological-physiological characteristic of the leading northern climatic factors has been analyzed. The combination of fluctuations of temperature and atmospheric pressure, high relative and low absolute humidity, strict wind regime, significant changes of solar activity, diversity of magnetic fields behavior, sharp photoperiodicity and pronounced UV-deficit cause a special structure of the northern regions’ climate. Per totality of climatic characteristics and taking into account the general biological effect of these factors, their combinations and the degree of manifestation, the territories of the North as a whole can be referred to the zone of uncomfortable natural-climatic living conditions with the elements of manifested extremeness of a number of parameters placing exclusive demands to human body functional systems.

Physical development, functional status and physical fitness of Russian and Indian male students studying in the Northern State Medical University were compared during two years. In the Indians, the anthropometric indexes, functional capability of the cardiorespiratory system and physical fitness showed statistically-valid inferiority to those evaluated in the Russians. The biggest part of the first-year students had the average level of physical development. Exercises contributed to improvement of central hemodynamic indexes, speed and strength properties and flexibility. Physical exertion optimization is needed in order to gain a training effect.

The article presents the characteristics of the daily cycle "wake-sleep" in women with physiological pregnancy and the risk of interruption. Significant differences in the sleep structure in normal and abnormal pregnancy have been established. It has been detected that changes in nocturnal sleep in abnormal pregnancies were characterized by reduced quantity and increased duration of the sleep cycles, multiple segmentation of sleep phases, lots of awakenings, and increased motor activity during sleep, increased number of apnea compared to normal pregnancy.

Objectives. Off pump beating heart technique for myocardial revascularization was used successfully both in low and high risk patients. Its application in low ejection fraction patients was limited. The aim of our study was to evaluate the results of this technique application in patients with low ejection fraction and to compare it with the on pump bypass technique. Methods. This retrospective study included 174 patients with ejection fraction below 0.45 who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery. 37 patients underwent myocardial revascularization with the use of conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (cCABG), while 137 patients had off-pump beating heart bypass grafting (OPCAB). Different preoperative, operative and postoperative variables were evaluated in both groups. Results. The patients profiles and risk factors were similar in both groups. The mean EF for patients who underwent cCABG was 43 % (Q1 = 40; Q3 = 44) in comparison with 42 % (Q1 = 38; Q3 = 44) for the OPCAB patients - (U = 2105,5; Z = -1,6; p = 0,11). Predicted risk for surgery according to EuroSCORE was similar in both groups (U = 2004.0; Z = -1.97; p = 0.05). The number of grafts performed per patient was significantly bigger in the patients who underwent cCABG - 4.0 (Q1 = 3.0; Q3 = 4.0) Vs 3.0 (Q1 = 3.0; Q3 = 4.0) in OPCAB; (U = 1625.5; Z = -3.55; p < 0.001). Completeness of revascularization was similar in both groups (U = 2335.5; Z = -1.0; p = 0.316). Incidence of hospital mortality and complications were higher in cCABG in comparison with OPCAB. Incidence of inotropic support, ICU, hospital stay and blood transfusion was significantly bigger among patients who underwent cCABG. Conclusions. OPCAB technique can be used in myocardial revascularization in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Morbidity and mortality was lower than that in the cCABG group.