Vol 24, No 10 (2017)

For the first time dioxins (including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD) were revealed by high resolution chromatography-mass spectrometry in tissues of animals (rodents and fish) and abiotic samples (soil, sediment, snow) from the biotopes near the landfill with solid wastes ("Salariyevo", New Moscow). Profiles of congeners in soil samples, snow and sediment were well comparable. Parameters of "toxic equivalency quantity" (WHO-TEQ98) greatly exceeded the levels registered in Vietnam dioxin-contaminated areas (territories of ecocide) known to produce a so-called dioxin pathology among population. As to the MPC for soil the observed levels near landfill were almost 38 times higher than the standards set in Russia. The consequences of the pollutants influence on the state of animals reflected the manifestations of toxic effects on the whole organism and the chromosome apparatus, in correlations with the parameters of dioxins (WHO-TEQ98) and/or TCDD in their tissues and objects in their natural habitat. Changes of cytogenetic status of fish and rodents, morphometric parameters of fish age dynamics, the emergence of individuals with abnormal head structure - correspond to pathological processes and conditions that determine the pathogenesis of human dioxin pathology. Analysis of the data obtained illustrates the possibility of creating a universal methodical approach for screening the hazards of dioxins' low dozes for human health.

Geochemical and medical ecology studies were conducted in the areas of natural geochemical anomalies with excessive content of heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb) in the Sverdlovsk region (the Middle Urals). The purpose of the work was to study the human morbidity rate in the natural geochemical anomalies (biogeochemical province), which, along with abnormally high content of heavy metals in the soil did not cause endemic diseases. Morbidity data were analyzed by generalized linear model device. The interpretable variable is arcsine-converted value of the cases number ratio to the study area population size. In the course of morbidity average data analysis covering five-year period it's statistically significant increase was stated on the territory of the natural geochemical anomaly (p < 0.001) in comparison with full tone. The main contribution to the morbidity rate increase in the geochemical anomaly make infectious and parasitic diseases, diseases of the circulatory system, respiratory, digestive. As s reason for the increase of morbidity rate is proposed the weakening of immunity under the influence of high concentrations of the chemical elements. Fixed non-specific effect of the natural geochemical factor is probably universal for abnormal areas of the earth's surface, characterized by the endemia absence.

The aim of the study was to find possible associations of polymorphic variants rs1800629 of gene TNFA and rs1837253 of gene TSLP with the development of occupational asthma. The analysis of polymorphism of cytokine genes was carried out by means of polymerase chain reaction of DNA synthesis in 83 patients and 195 control subjects. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood samples using standard phenol/chloroform extraction techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using χ test as amended by Yeats and odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals. As a result, it found that in patients with occupational asthma allele C and genotype CC polymorphic locus rs1837253 TSLP gene occurs more frequently (OR = 1.91, 95 % CI 1.11-3.28; p = 0,026 и OR = 2.48, 95 % CI 1.29-4.77; p = 0.010 respectively) than in the control group. The analysis of the association of polymorphic locus rs1800629 TNFA gene with occupational asthma did not reveal statistically significant results. The received data suggest the possible involvement of rs1837253 polymorphism TSLP gene in the formation of occupational asthma.

The analysis of the immune status with definition of cellular immunity (CD3+, CD4+, CD5+, CD8+, CD16+, CD95+, HLA-DR+) and fagotsitarny activity has been carried out in 356 men at the age of 20-40 years of the different social and professional groups (leading a nomadic, settled life in the tundra; working on a rotational basis in the North Sea (16 and 256 days); office employees of the Solombala pulp and paper mill (PPM) not occupied in harmful production; office workers of the megalopolis Moscow). It has been revealed that the most frequent defect of immune protection was a low level of active phagocytes and deficiency of maintenance of mature T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood among nomadic inhabitants of the Arctic and persons working short watch in the North Sea. It has been proved that under the influence of extreme social and professional or ecologo-climatic factors in men of 20-40 years increase of neutrophiles, sells-activators of B-lymphocytes (HLA-DR+) was registered that testifieed to tension of a humoral component of adaptive immune system. It has been stated that in the conditions of impact on a human body with a complex of various adverse factors of changing environment in all surveyed the same reaction of increase in levels of the cellular cytotoxicity (CD8+, CD16+) associated with deficiency of phagocytic protection developed that reduced spare capacities of regulation with risk of formation of T-lymphocytes functional insufficiency and development of secondary ecologically dependent immune imbalances.

We analyzed the prevalence of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus and concomitant diseases in Almaty, Kazakhstan for the period 2012-2016. Statistically significant trends in the prevalence of nephropathy (from 4.0 to 2.2 per 10 000 population), retinopathy (from 12.7 to 7.5 per 10 000 population) and sensory neuropathy (from 14.0 to 10.1 per 10 000 population) were revealed, as well as trends in the reduction in the prevalence of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular diseases among type 2 diabetes patients. Downward trends in the incidence of disability due to myocardial infarction, cerebral circulation disorders, vision loss and nephropathy were observed as well. Districts of the Almaty city with the most unfavorable epidemiological situation in relation to complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus were identified. There was no association between the number of internal medicine specialists or endocrinologists and the prevalence of complications of type 2 diabetes in the city.