Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)

This review presents a systematization of information on the clinical characteristics of comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders, including stress-associated disorders, taking into the framework of mental ecology’s paradigm. It explores the key issues of etiopathogenetic models and ways to optimize personalized therapy for this category of patients, aimed at reducing medical and social risks and strengthening mental health in the face of modern social challenges. The methodological basis for the work was the materials of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the open sources of the Scopus and Web of Science databases on the problems of comorbidity, depression and anxiety disorders. The analysis included studies with quantitative data, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Taking into account the growth of scientific activity, an analysis of both published articles and preprints in Russian and English was carried out. The search was carried out using combinations of keywords and a control vocabulary query covering the terms: mental ecology, comorbidity, depression, anxiety disorders, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, personalized treatment. To assess the medical and social risks, a search was also carried out on alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse, a common problem among this group of patients.

Background: The autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system can be altered in individuals with dyslipidemia and lipid metabolism disorders.

Aim: This study aimed to comparatively analyse short-term cardio interval recordings in a sample of Northern men and to simultaneously assess main values of the lipid pictures according to the atherogenicity coefficient.

Materials and methods: One hundred and eighteen men aged 28–58 (mean age was 42.5±0.5 yrs) participated in the survey which was performed with photometric, immunochemiluminescent research methods, as well as standard methods for assessing heart rate variability and physical development.

Results: The data obtained in our study showed that 53% of the surveyed men exhibited atherogenic disorders in lipid metabolism, while 47% of subjective lipid pictures showed perfect values. We found significant differences in 17 of 22 indicators of physical development, biochemical profile, and heart rate variability. That suggested the increasing relative activity of the parasympathetic link of autonomic nervous regulation observed in subjects with perfect values of lipid metabolism while those with high values of the atherogenicity coefficient demonstrated autonomic imbalance which could be seen in relatively high sympathetic activity along with the reduced influence of parasympathetic activity in the autonomic control of the circulatory system with simultaneous association with overweight and accelerated proportion of the total body fat.

Conclusion: The impaired lipid profile proved to be closely related to the dominance of sympathetic activity that is assumed to be an unfavorable predictor of the risk for cardiovascular complications. In general, the results are intended to spread the use of the heart rate variability assessing method since it shows both autonomic and physiological aspects related, particularly, to the lipid profile and somatometric status, which undoubtedly emphasizes the potential of these indicators to obtain markers for the circulatory system proper functioning.

Background: The relevance of this study is dictated by a significant increase in the number of overweight and obese urban children and adolescents at the same time with recorded shifts in the pace of puberty.

Aim: The aim of the study was to find correlations and relationships between temporary fluctuations in growth rates and the epidemic of fat deposition on the materials of children in Moscow.

Materials and methods: The study analyzes an extensive group of samples of Moscow schoolchildren (7/8–17 years old) examined in the interval from the 1950s to the beginning of the XXI century. The work uses both literary data and the authors' own materials. To assess the intergroup differences, ethnoterritorial samples of both our country and the nearest abroad were involved. For each of the examined clusters, the age of the maximum rate of increase in body height in adolescence (a peak height velocity, PHV) was determined, and indicators of the amount of fat deposition were also used: the thickness of the skin-fat folds under the shoulder blade and on the triceps, body mass index.

Results: It is shown, that the growth in boys is a more interconnected complex of processes, as evidenced by the more pronounced secular dynamics of the PHV, and the dynamics of changes in the amount of fat deposition that are in strict antiphase with it, and statistically significant correlations between growth rates and the level of fat deposition in the interval 7/8–17 years, and reliable correlations of the PHV and BMI in 7–8 years old. At the same time, the frequency of correlations with the intensity (the level of growth in cm) of PHV is the same for girls and boys (6 reliable correlations each) and their sign, unlike the age of PHV, is positive — the longer the body height, the higher the intensity of PHV. The highest level of correlations of body height with the intensity of PHV is noted at 7 years old, with no alternative to gender, which allows us to speak cautiously about the non-accidental contribution of body height, approximately at the age of a half-growth leap, to the intensity of APHV.

Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the growth rates of Moscow boys are associated with the absolute values of fat deposition, in particular, the thickness of the fat fold on the back and the body mass index. In girls, in turn, the parallelism of the secular dynamics of the age of maximum growth rate and the dynamics of changes in the thickness of fat folds is less clearly expressed. The leading component in the development of secondary sexual characteristics (development rates) for this group is low-fat body weight.

Background: Currently, there is growing concern about changes in the oxygen content in the surface air layer. There are weather classifications where the determining meteotropic effect affecting human health is the value of oxygen partial density, but among these types of weather, hyperoxia situations are not considered, although in a number of studies attention has been drawn to the negative impact on human health of high oxygen content in inhaled air. Taking into account the combination of periodic and aperiodic components of weather factors, it seems relevant to assess their intraannual variations in different climatic zones and determine their contribution to the formation of seasonal rhythms of partial oxygen density.

Aim: To assess the contribution of weather factors of the subarctic and subtropical climatic zones to the seasonal dynamics of the partial oxygen density in the atmospheric air.

Materials and methods: Wavelet analysis was used for mathematical analysis of weather changes. Signal analysis was performed in the plane of wavelet coefficients (scale–time–level). The statistical significance of rhythms was estimated by multiple (5000) random permutations of the levels of the original time series.

Results: In the Subarctic region, the annual rhythm of partial oxygen density is modulated by the insertion intra-annual rhythms of weather factors, in the subtropics, the rhythm of partial oxygen density is determined by constant low-amplitude rhythms of weather factors. The population of the North is exposed to hyperoxia during the five winter months and hypoxia in the summer. In the Limpopo province of South Africa, hypoxia occurs during the wet season (November to May), which, according to the medical weather classification, requires medical supervision.

Conclusion: Considering the presence of aperiodic components in the dynamics of weather factors, mathematical data processing requires the use of methods that evaluate changes in the spectral composition of a time series over time. We recommend supplementing medical weather classifications with such items as "hyperoxic day" and "hyperoxic" weather type.