Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology)

The number of environmental factors simultaneously affecting the human body is extremely large. Tracking these factors in time has become possible thanks to the development of artificial intelligence technologies, including machine learning algorithms, deep learning algorithms, and generative artificial intelligence. The integration of this new generation of technological solutions into biomedical sciences enables the identification of hidden interdependencies among studied elements and processes that were previously overlooked. In the context of research on the mechanisms of human adaptation and maladaptation, special attention should be given to exogenous hypoxia as one of the most significant environmental factors studied within ecology, physiology, and clinical medicine. The topic of individual markers of human resistance to hypoxia remains open and is regularly addressed in physiological and pathophysiological works. In recent works, methods of machine and deep learning have already found wide application, including the analysis of multimodal physiological data. For example, a machine learning model has been developed to predict the development of acute mountain sickness with a sensitivity of 0.998 and a specificity of 0.978. The model was trained using physiological indicators of test subjects and real-time climate data. Thus, the application of artificial intelligence tools for scientific research planning, data processing, and the creation of predictive models significantly expands the current understanding of physiological mechanisms of human adaptation to hypoxia and enables the analysis of other environmental factors to be carried out at a new technological level.

BACKGROUND: A current issue in social psychophysiology is the investigation of strategies for achieving outcomes in team activities and the factors influencing their selection across various professional domains.

AIM: To identify strategies for achieving joint cognitive task outcomes in dyads of subjects with different personality traits and individual performance indicators.

METHODS: 52 male dyads and 50 female dyads (mean age: 17 years 9 months ± 3 months, dyad members were acquainted with each other) were examined after providing voluntary informed consent. Personality traits were assessed using the Big Five questionnaire. Participants performed the Pattern Recognition test individually, competitively, and cooperatively in dyads.

RESULTS: Joint and separate cooperation strategies were identified, characterized by comparable levels of integral success and similar distribution across the entire sample and within male and female dyad groups. Performance indicators under the two strategies differed in timing and error rates. Compared to the joint strategy, the separate strategy resulted in faster completion and identification of more patterns, but with more errors. Dyads employing the joint strategy demonstrated higher individual error rates, greater error differences between partners, and more similar work pace, compared with those who later adopted the separate strategy. Dyad participants with a joint cooperation strategy exhibited higher baseline levels of the personality traits “agreeableness” and “relaxedness,” and a lower level of activity compared with participants who adopted a separate strategy.

CONCLUSION: The findings contribute to the understanding of strategic choices in team-based intellectual activity and their association with individual partner characteristics. These patterns may serve as a basis for developing methods to select collaborators for achieving integrated results in various fields of activity.

BACKGROUND: Mobile devices have become an integral part of the environment of modern children. However, digital content is evolving more rapidly than scientific research on its impact on children’s health.

AIM: To assess changes in the psychophysiological responses of the central nervous system in Buryat children associated with increased use of mobile electronic devices.

METHODS: A two-stage examination was conducted in 262 schoolchildren of Buryat ethnicity (Group 1: 149 children examined in 2016; Group 2: 113 children examined in 2024). Psychophysiological functions of the central nervous system were assessed using the simple visual-motor reaction test and the tapping test.

RESULTS: The evaluation of the autonomic status of the examined children indicated the development of sleep disturbances in 44.2±4.7% of children in Group 2, paroxysmal headaches in 39.8±4.6%, and increased fatigue in 33.6±4.4% of cases. The above autonomic symptoms were accompanied by a decline in the functional capacities of the central nervous system. In Group 2, compared to Group 1, fewer children exhibited high speed of information synthesis and analysis (<189 ms), high stability of sensorimotor responses (<33 ms), greater visual-motor reaction accuracy and, accordingly, fewer premature responses, as well as a high level of central nervous system functional capacity (starting from 3.8 arbitrary units). At the same time, the moderately weak type of nervous system—characterized by low mobility of nervous processes, a tendency toward rapid fatigue, inertia in the formation of conditioned reflexes, and an increased number of erroneous responses—was less common in Group 1 than in Group 2. The listed psychophysiological characteristics of the central nervous system objectively reflect the adverse impact of modern mobile devices on the health of children living in rural areas.

CONCLUSION: To reduce the health risks posed to children by the digital environment, it is essential to develop their skills for the safe use of mobile digital devices.

BACKGROUND:. During muscle contraction, blood flow in the working muscles increases tens of times due to the mechanisms of sympatholysis. However, there are no studies that would quantitatively describe the effect of epinephrine on arterial alpha-adrenergic receptors during sympatholysis against the background of 5-day cold adaptation.

AIM: Objective. To study the effect of five-day cold adaptation on the adrenoreactivity of muscle arterial vessels during sympatholysis to different doses of epinephrine.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Material and methods. The experiments were carried out in 4 groups of rabbits. Control group (N1, n = 20) of rabbits. Sympatholysis group (N2, n = 15): electrical stimulation of muscles (frequency 5 Hz, voltage 10 V, L = 5 ms) to induce sympatholysis. Cold adaptation group (N3, n = 15) after 5-day exposure in a climatic chamber (−10 ° C, 6 h / day). Group (N4, n=15): combination of 5 days of cold adaptation with sympatholysis. In all rabbits, the limb muscles were perfused with blood through the femoral artery after ligation of all anastomoses using a constant-flow pump. After the introduction of 8 doses of epinephrine (0.5–30 μg/kg), the adrenoreactivity of the limb arteries was analyzed using the dose-effect reaction in double inverse Lineweaver–Burk coordinates. This allowed us to determine the number of active adrenoreceptors (Pm) and the sensitivity (1/Km) of adrenoreceptors to epinephrine.

RESULTS:  Sympatholysis after 5 days of cold adaptation (N4) was much less for all doses of epinephrine than without cold (N2), which proved a decrease in blood flow in the working muscles during sympatholysis against the background of cold. Analysis of this mechanism in double inverse Lineuwer-Burk coordinates revealed an increase in the number of active a-ARs (by 1.407 times or 40.7%) to Pm=312.5 mmHg during sympatholysis after cold with Pm=222 mmHg during sympatholysis without cold. At the same time, after cold (N4) during sympatholysis, the sensitivity (1/Km) of alpha-adrenoreceptors to epinephrine increased by 1.632 times (by 63.2%) to 1/Km=0.08 from the value of 1/Km=0.049 during sympatholysis without cold (N2). Complete leveling of sympatholysis after cold with 30 μg/kg epinephrine confirms the critical role of dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of arterial tone regulation under cold stress conditions.

CONCLUSION: Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to draw the following conclusion: sympatholysis against the background of 5 days of cold persists, but was less than sympatholysis without cold. Increased adrenergic vasoconstriction after 5 days of cold optimizes heat conservation, but reduces blood flow in the working muscles, which limits physical performance. The discovered mechanisms explain the phenomenon of "early cold asthenia" in individuals with short-term arctic exposure, characterized by a decrease in tolerance to physical activity while maintaining basic hemodynamic homeostasis.